Selengeria

Selengeria (Närangol:, Ikh Narangol Ulus, ), officially the Empire of Selengeria, is a sovereign nation in north eastern Kesh. It is bordered by the Tethys Bay and Tonkina to the north; Beifang to the west; Kodeshia and the Pearl Sea to the south; and Akiteiwa to the east. Selengeria covers 1,237,477 square kilometres and spans the majority of the Amur Plains and East Kesh Rift. The capital and cultural centre of the empire is Sukhbaatar while the largest city and economic centre is Kharakhorin.

Selengeria is the 5th most populous country in the world and one of the most densely urbanised. About a third of the country's terrain is mountainous, concentrating its population of 277.2 million around its coasts, river valleys, and the southern lowlands.

The Amur Valley has been inhabited by hominids for at least 700,000 years with the first archaeological evidence of being dated to 400,000 years ago. Agriculture and animal husbandry later emerged some time in the third millennium BCE among the Shuvgaar and Dungovid cultures, likely brought northward from Kodeshia. The growth and centralisation of these farming communities led to the development of the first settlements and civilisations in Selengeria. Successive kingdoms and empires would rule over the territories of modern Selengeria including the Jing Kingdom, Tang Kingdom, and Kyushu Empire. Starting in the 15th century, however, the pastoral Narangol under the command of Songoson left their foothill homelands and began a rapid conquest of lands around the Khovsgol Sea. Songoson founded Selengeria in 1577 following the defeat of the Zhu Kingdom. A succession crisis in 1632 saw most real political power become concentrated in the hands of the Yeronkhii and Jonon, a system which remained in place until being supplanted by the Imperial Directorate made up of members of the Blue Wheel Banner and the imperial court. The Directorate, despite fierce opposition from anti-reformist aristocracy, took an aggressive approach to modernising and liberalising the nation and and pursuing industrialisation. The dawn of the 20th century was defined by enormous socioeconomic upheaval and growing international tensions which would result in the Selengeria's entry into the disastrous Grand Campaigns. After suffering defeat in the war, Selengeria collapsed and splintered into a period of warring factions and states known as the "Gaigamshig". Khiyat Suudriin, the future dictator of Selengeria, rose to prominence during this time and would go on to lead his Undserkheg forces to victory in the Selengerian Civil War. The Undserkheg began consolidating the remains of the Selengeria into a totalitarian state and embarked on an ambitious programme of restoring pre-war borders and military strength. The return of an aggressive Selengeria alarmed the government's of Akiteiwa and Kodeshia and by 1954 the forced re-integration of the Republic of Toshu brought Akiteiwa and Selengeria into open conflict. The broader Kesh War soon expanded the front to the west with Kodeshia and Beifang declaring war on Selengeria in 1956. The tide of the war began to turn by the summer of 1957 and further devolved with Suudriin's death in 1958. The power vacuum that followed and prospect of a brutal protracted defensive war prompted Tiperyn to drop an atomic bomb on Kodeshia to force a ceasefire.

Etymology
Selengeria in is known as Ikh Narangol Ulus  meaning literally "Great Narangol State" or "Empire of the Narangol". The origin of the word "Narangol" is of uncertain etymology, given variously as the name of a mountain or river; a corruption of nairman gal or "eight fires"; or the personal name of an apical ancestor or patron deity. The name "Selengeria" means "Land of the Selenger" in and is derived from the  verb seleh, which means "to cross" or "to ford". The first clans to swear allegiance to Selengeria's founder, Songoson, and join him in crossing the Chulaal River were given the distinction of Selegch Khairt or "Beloved Forders". These clans were favoured by Songoson and his descendants and were given rescripts conferring broad authority and priveleges including trade monopolies. This brought the Narangol into contact with Zaporizhian traders through which Selenkyir and Selenkirskaya entered the language. Scholars remain divided on how exactly the term then entered into and, however early references to "Selingarlan" can be found in Ambrosian court documents by 1638. This would undergo and  into Anglic where it would evolve into the recognisable modern word "Selengeria" by the late 17th century.

Numerous other names were used for the Narangol, their traditional homeland, and the empire they established. Many of these names derived from variations of "barbarian" or references to Narangol tactics, such as the terms 茨戎 Ibarashi or "thorn dwellers" and 西戎 Seiju or "western barbarians".

Geography & Environment
Selengeria is the eleventh largest nation in the world, covering 1,237,477 square kilometres of land between latitudes 18° and 54° N, and longitudes 73° and 135° E. A diverse array of climates, biomes, and geographic regions can be found across the country, including numerous rivers and lakes and the East Kesh Rift. To the north, the coastal plains and shoreline of Sargalam Province experience a mild. The Kamarband Mountains and their foothills and valleys form Selengeria's western border and are the source of several major rivers such as the Tesiin and Onon. The enormous East Kesh Rift zone runs northward from the head of the Pearl Sea in two parallel forks and is home to some of the most biodiverse ecosystems in the world. The highlands and plateaus surrounding the rifts, including the grasslands of the Torbroklan, experience a. The heavily populated south of the country is flatter and defined by, dense forests, and a.

Government and Politics
The government of Selengeria, known by supporters as Ikhonichin and internationally by the metonym Kharmaivan, is the unique totalitarian political system of the Empire of Selengeria controlled by the dictatorial Jonon, currently Khidarga of Ongchijid, and the largely ceremonial Khaan, currently Soljinzayaa.

While often referred to as a one-party state, Selengeria is not structured around the western conception of formal political parties which are outlawed. The 20th century National Front for the Restoration of Heaven's Will, which gave rise to the misapplied term "Undserkheg", had its origins as an aristocratic social club at the turn of the century and would later become an armed faction of the Selengerian Civil War under the auspices of the future Jonon, Suudrin of Khiyad.

Suudrin would go on to suppress both former allies and defeated rivals, most notably the brutal suppression of Bindirugui, and transform the institutions and political class of the imperial government into an extension of his will and vision. His death in 1949 at the height of the Kesh Wars ushered in a period of extreme political turmoil and a spate of, prominent assassinations, and public unrest that were only quelled by the efforts of Empress Khojilev and General Ganzorig with Tiperyn support. Future regimes introduced independent supervisory bodies and laws to safeguard the transfer of power and, beginning in 1986, embraced the standard Narangol cultural practice of abdication before death to maintain stability and influence over succession.

Jonon
The title of Jonon first emerged in the 16th century and was used for the elevated of the Narangol expeditionary armies. To become a jonon originally carried immense risk to the officeholder's reputation and life and was thus seen as undesirable, but it eventually grew in prestige and influence and would even supplant the Khaan during the Eternal Khanate. Following the restoration of the Dasanjins to the throne in 18XX, the rank was abolished and civilian administration of the military was introduced. "Jonon" would remain unused as an official rank until the rise of Suudrin of Khiyad in 1927 who adopted it as his dictatorial title and that of his successors.

The Jonon is the commander in chief of Selengeria's Armed Forces and the head of government. Jonons are elected for life by the nobles of the quasi-legislative Khuraldai and command a vast totalitarian bureaucracy and administration known as the Kharmaivan. A Jonon is notionally all-powerful, however, political concessions made during a Khuraldai and reforms introduced after the death of Suudrin restrain that power and necessitate balancing political, religious, and private sector interests.

The current Jonon is Khidarga of Ongchijid who has ruled Selengeria since her election by the Khuraldai in 2003. She is the first woman and first multiethnic Selengerian to ever hold the office. Her election was one of the lengthiest and most lethal Khuraldais in history and took place during record levels of civil unrest - factors that led international press coverage to label her the "last lotus standing" and to predict that her tenure would be short-lived and destabilising. Unspecified sources within the Kharmaivan later confirmed that internal power struggles were taking place and that Khidarga had already survived two assassination attempts by October of 2004. While the event is denied by the government, firefights and explosions in cities across Selengeria in July of 2007 and the disappearance of several major figures are believed to have been part of a massive purge of Khidarga's enemies. Since 2007 Khidarga has continued to consolidate her power and has embraced an identity as one of the world's "Iron Ladies". Her administration has been defined by a reformist agenda, the advent of the digital era, and a thawing of relations with Akiteiwa and Kodeshia.

Ideology
Selengeria has no written constitution or singular foundational text and is governed instead by Khuraldai "high statutes" and the officially sanctioned and  ideology of Zovarga. Zovarga is considered and is defined by the collective speeches, decrees, and writings of all Jonons and precedents from traditional Narangol culture.

Demographics
The national census of 2018 recorded a total population of 276.5 million and an average annual growth rate of 1.24 percent. Approximately 22% of the population were 14 years old or younger, 67% were between 15 and 59 years old, and 11% were over 60 years old. Selengeria has an average population density of 153 persons per square kilometre, however, true density is considerably higher as climate and terrain have concentrated two-thirds of all Selengerians into major urban centres along rivers and the coast.

While Selengeria is an observably diverse country consisting of numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, Selengerian social identities are fractured and complicated by the effects of war, population transfers, and modern government policy.

According to noted scholar, Joinnes var Cizile, Selengeria was transformed by the Undserkheg from "a cosmopolitan multi-national empire ruled by a diverse elite" into "the newly minted ethnostate of the Neo-Narangol". Var Cizile goes on to define "Neo-Narangol" as a "revisionist" ethnicity crafted by Sudriin in his Negbiye Basetgel Edict of 1934. The edict restricted and abolished the traditional system of ethnic distinctions and privileges shaped by the Dasanjin conquests. In their place, Sudriin re-classified Selengerians by their perceived "Narangolshig" or "Narangol-ness" - a status determined by their allegiance to the Khaan and Jonon, ability to speak the Narangol language, adherence to Ordonism, and membership in a legitimate house. Selengerians that meet these criteria are deemed "Narangol" by the government and afforded full citizenship, while Selengerians that do not are relegated to second-class status with fewer rights and privileges afforded to them.

Human rights organisations and exile and emigre groups have routinely criticised Selengeria for its treatment of minority Selengerians and the Narangolicisation policy and its impact on minorities. League observers issued a report in 2017 declaring the "the most systemic and widespread example of cultural genocide