Liao-Fang Rifle

The Liao-Fang is a Kodeshi  rifle that served as the main firearm used by the military forces of the Kodeshi Empire, Kodeshi State and various other nations. It was the Kodeshi Army's standard rifle from its official adoption in 1885 until 1960. It is one of the most mass-produced military bolt-action rifles in history with over tens of million units having been made since its inception in 1885, and, in spite of its age, it has been used in various conflicts around the world up to the present day.

History
The Liao-Fang rifle was derived from the earlier Liao-Chang rifle of 1867, a mechanically similar black-powder rifle, which combined Liao Zhen's straight-pull action that had a barrel featuring rifling designed by Chang Qiaoling. The new rifle featured rifling designed by noted Kodeshi engineer Fang Huifen. Her work on the 11.6x51mmR rifle gave much assistance in designing the barrel, chamber, and cartridge. Which the Imperial Arsenal selected as the pattern for Kodeshi use on a rifle which combined the Fang bore with the straight pull-action invented by the Kodeshi inventor, Liao Zhen. Originally they were chambered for the 11.6x51mmR black powder cartridge and then adapted for the new round-nosed 8.22x60mm cartridge, but almost all were rechambered to accept the more powerful spitzer 8.22x60mm cartridge in 1894.

1885 Pattern

 * Rifle Model 1885 — The initial rifle variant. It was chambered for the 11.6x51mmR black powder cartridge. It was used during Kodeshi-Beifang war of 1907 by the Kodeshi Army troops.
 * Short Rifle Model 1885 — The initial short variant. It was mainly used by special troops like shock units during Kodeshi-Beifang war of 1907. It chambered the 11.6x51mmR black powder cartridge.
 * Carbine Model 1885 — The initial carbine variant. It was mainly used by used by cavalry units during Kodeshi-Beifang war of 1907. It chambered the 11.6x51mmR black powder cartridge.

1890 Pattern

 * Rifle Model 1885/90  — The basic variant. It was rechambered for the new round-nosed 8.22x60mm smokeless powder cartridge. It was used during Kodeshi-Beifang war of 1907 and Grand Campaigns by the Kodeshi Army troops.
 * Short Rifle Model 1885/90 — The short variant. It was mainly used by special troops like shock units during Kodeshi-Beifang war of 1907 and Grand Campaigns. It was rechambered for the round-nosed8.22x60mm smokeless powder cartridge.
 * Carbine Model 1885/90 — The carbine variant. It was mainly used by used by cavalry units during Kodeshi-Beifang war of 1907 and Grand Campaigns. It was rechambered for the round-nosed 8.22x60mm smokeless powder cartridge.

1894 Pattern

 * Rifle Model 1894  — The basic variant. It was chambered for the new spitzer 8.22x60mm cartridge. It was used during Kodeshi-Beifang war of 1907, Grand Campaigns and Kodeshian Civil War by the majority of the Kodeshi Army troops.
 * Short Rifle Model 1894 — The short variant. It was mainly used by special troops like shock units during Kodeshi-Beifang war of 1907, Grand Campaigns and Kodeshian Civil War. It was chambered for the spitzer 8.22x60mm cartridge.
 * Carbine Model 1894 — The carbine variant. It was mainly used by used by cavalry units during Kodeshi-Beifang war of 1907, Grand Campaigns and Kodeshian Civil War. It was chambered for the spitzer 8.22x60mm cartridge.

1931 Pattern

 * Rifle Model 1894/31  — The most prolific version of the Liao-Fang. It was produced for standard issue to all Kodeshi infantry from end of the Kodeshian Civil War till the Great Kesh War. Most earlier type rifles were also converted to the M1894/31 standard. It was commonly used as a sniper rifle in Great Kesh War. It was chambered for the 8.22x60mm spitzer cartridge.
 * Carbine Model 1894/31 — The carbine variant. A carbine based on the M1894/31 design and was intended for use by second-echelon and noncombatant troops. It was used extensively during the Great Kesh War. It was chambered for the 8.22x60mm spitzer cartridge.

Current Users

 * Kodeshia - Used by all branches of the Armed Forces of Kodeshia. Phased out of frontline service rifle service after the end of the Great Kesh War. Remains in limited service for ceremonial use by the Imperial Kodeshi Army, Imperial Kodeshi Navy and Imperial Kodeshi Air Force and some rural reserve Imperial Kodeshi Gendarmerie units and Kodeshi civil police forces.

Past Users

 * Alvakalia - Captured through smuggling routes passing through the Alvak-occupied Kodeshi Sector during the Great Kesh War.
 * Selengeria - Captured during the Great Kesh War.
 * Tiperyn - Captured during the Great Kesh War.
 * Asharistan - Captured during the Great Kesh War.

Comparable role and era

 * Gewear 1905
 * Song Model 1899