Maracatibe

Maracatibe (pronounced in : ) officially, Sovereign Community of Maracatibe (in Jungastian: Comunidade Soberana do Maracatibe  ; in : Mbarakatyba Suberã Abatyba  ) is a, more specifically a , in southern Avalonia. It shares land borders with Zahava to the south, Albaterra to the west and sea border with Theyka to the north. It is limited to the north and east by the Iapetus Ocean. Maracatibe has a population of approximately 80.8 million, and covers​​1,380,400 km², making it the world's 9th largest country. Salgado is the capital, but its largest city is São Pedro, located on the north coast, with almost 4 million inhabitants. Maracatibe is organized as a federation comprising 21 provinces and Salgado District.

Maracatibe is a former of Jungastia. Before colonization, its territory was a patchwork of hundreds of tribes and states with different languages ​​and dialects. Colonization began in the 16th century, with the establishment of small ports to facilitate access to Albaterra. Friction with native states became inevitable, and Jungastian colonization was consolidated in the following century. Maracatibe formally declared its in 1907, the year in which a war broke out, guided by the ideals of a movement led by Father Justiniano Salgado, who was killed 8 months after the war started. Its democracy is recent, proceeding from the 1982 Constitution. Before that period, Maracatibe suffered a military dictatorship and previously a socialist dictatorship. In addition, throughout the military dictatorship and a few years after the re-democratization, the Maracatibean Conflict took place, whose consequences are still felt.

Due to the being predominant, Maracatibe has landscapes marked by lush  and paradisiacal islands near its coast, which attract millions of  every year. Its forests have a huge, one of the highest in the world. In the southwest, there is a higher relief, where Mount of Lança Negra is located, the highest point in the country, with 3,450 m of altitude. The north of the country is located on the edge of the Avalonia plate with the Brigantic plate, which, due to their convergent movements, cause a tectonic instability that has already caused very deadly earthquakes throughout its documented history. The country has 7 active, most of which are on islands off the north coast. ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

Etimology
The word Maracatibe comes from the Mbarakatyba, a word derived from the agglutination of the words Mbaraká (or Maracá), which is a traditional rattle of the Kwaba culture, and Tyba, which means settlement. Therefore, Maracatibe means something like "noisy/busy settlement", and it was probably the name with which the natives of the interior called the great cities of the Kwaba people.

The Kwaba and Bangui named their land Obibiguaçu (meaning great green land), but it referred to the entire continental portion, and not just Maracatibe.

History
Maracatibe is one of the oldest human occupation territories in the world. The first human beings arrived in the thirtieth millennium BC, and from then on, the entire territory of Maracatibe started to be populated. Throughout its history the territory of Maracatibe was home to great empires and kingdoms, which were born and collapsed, until between the 16th and 17th centuries, by Jungastia was consolidated. The independence of Maracatibe was recent, having little more than a century (1907), nevertheless, the twentieth century was quite agitated internally, marked by the elitist governments, by the socialist dictatorship, by a brief democracy and by a new military dictatorship, until  that, finally, in 1982, Maracatibe becomes democratic again, a condition that it maintains until today. Written records of the history of Maracatibe appear for the first time in the third millennium BC, from the Kwaba in the northeast.

First peoples
The human occupation of Maracatibe is quite old, due to the proximity to the area of ​​origin of the first  in Anterra, it started between 50 and 30 thousand years BC Two migratory waves were the most important of the first period of territorial occupation: the wave  of peoples and the wave of coastal peoples.

The hunter and gatherer peoples came from the south, starting from where today is Albaterra and following the Morikê river to the northeast of Maracatibe, thus populating almost all the territory from southeast to northeast. As the name implies, they were or semi-nomadic people who lived from hunting and gathering, mainly from small animals, fish and molluscs, in addition to fruits. These peoples originate from the first migratory wave of Homo sapiens in Anterra. Later, part of the human beings that populated the North Avalonia would return to the south by the Islands of the Ingonian Sea, and would arrive until Maracatibe by the north. As they basically occupied only the coast, from the north to the southeast, and were not nomadic, they are known as coastal peoples.

and would be introduced on the east coast of the country by the coastal peoples around the fourth millennium BC, generating the flourishing of two great civilizations, the Great Kwaba civilization and Bangui Civilization.

City States Era
Around 1200 BC, the population growth in the northeast of the country, inhabited by the Kwaba, would provoke the emergence of cities. The first cities were, independent of each other, and although they used the same language, due to the strong interaction between the Kwaba themselves, they had different governments. All Kwaba city-states were marked by the abandonment of the concept of collectivization of goods and labor (many cities were or ) and by the advent of. At that time, the first great of Maracatibe were built, and the Kwaba civilization became one of the centers for generating knowledge in, , , , as well as  and the.

Bangui and Kwaba Empire
The first great unified state emerged in the southeast of Maracatibe, and it was the Bangui Empire. The Banguis were organized into various tribes that often waged war with each other, and such wars caused the rise of the Eyatzay tribe as dominant over the northern Bangui region. As the Bangui never had friendly relations with the Kwaba, the emergence of a great kingdom in the south was what was missing for the start of a great war. In 291 BC, the conflict materialized, it was the Graunaí War (which lasted until 240 BC), initiated by Onyakapoeny V, who wanted to dominate the Kwaba city-states. The war lasted more than five decades, and was won, after bloody battles and some periods of peace, by the Kwaba, under the leadership of the city of Indaiataba. With the Kwaba victory, the Bangui Empire became a vassal state divided between the northern Kwaba cities.

The victory of Indaiataba consolidated its influence over the other Kwaba cities, and ended the influence of Ananarataba (liquidated by the Bangui during the war). However, other cities would rival this influence and a war broke out between the Kwaba themselves (221 BC - 217 BC), which ended with the establishment of the First Kwaba Empire, whose capital was Indaiataba. The Kwaba Empire peaked a century after its creation, but the internal instability caused by the conflicts of interest of the inhabitants of other cities and dissatisfaction with the newly installed monarchy led to the collapse of the Empire after a civil war in 21 A.D.

Teniakoeponic Dynasty and Second Kwaba Empire
The weakening of the Kwaba cities by the civil war that ended the Indaiataba Empire was an opportunity for the Bangui Teniakoe clan to seize the vassal Bangui states to the north. Led by Teniakopon X, the Bangui finally managed to beat the Kwaba, and this time the victory was even greater, as the Bangui Empire came to dominate the entire east coast. The Bangui Empire lasted until 417 AD, initially relatively stable, but which started to decline in the 4th century, due to corruption, internal disputes and the beginning of segregation of the Kwaba.

After the end of the Bangui Empire of Teniakoe, the Kwaba came to control the entire east coast, and established an authoritarian regime against the Bangui, declaring them to be second-class citizens. Bangui culture suffered systematic destruction, starting with, and then writing and language. The Bangui language was lost, being replaced by a Kwaba dialect. The Second Kwaba Empire fragmented in 620, and with that, the Bangui managed to reestablish their autonomy through several wars between 620 and 679. The liberation of the Bangui marks the end of the ancient age of the History of Maracatibe.

Guaray Empires and Jucaian Dynasty
At the end of the sixth century, the descendants of the coastal peoples of the north coast had their rise. The Guaray, despite their late development, soon became a powerful civilization, following the example of the Xataxe Empire. The Xataxe Empire was the most prosperous of the Guaray Empires, enriching a lot with trade in the Ingonian Sea and with the Kwaba. They have also become a center for technical and scientific innovations. The Guaray adopted a religion that was basically a copy of the Kwaba faith. The only difference was the presence of texts considered non-canonical by the Kwaba and the name change of the deities (Tupan became Zaxáq, for example). The Xataxe Empire would be hit by a great volcanic eruption, followed by an earthquake and tsunamis, which decimated the population of its island colonies and killed a large part of the coastal population, starting a period of instability and economic and social crisis, which was consolidated in the conquest of Xataxe by Jucaian Dynasty in 998.

The Jucaian Dynasty was a great Kwaba Empire established by Juca Naurú, who according to himself, the gods instructed him to unify the Kwaba people and lead them to supremacy again. The Jucaia dynasty managed to dominate all the Kwaba tribes and part of the Bangui lands, in addition to conquering the Xataxe Empire in 998. The Jucaians were stopped only by the Taraonydian Empire, a great Guaray Empire also on the rise.

The Taraonydians created the largest pre-Matacatibean Empire, soon conquering the areas of the Machapi kingdoms in the southeast. The walls built by the Kwaba were useless against the invasions of the Taraonydian, who dominated the Jucaian Dynasty in 1213. Their empire was also established in foreign lands (?), And was the closest to conquering the entire territory of modern Maracatibe. However, the Taraonydians were dissolved 35 years after reaching their maximum extent. Internal crises of power contests and revolts by non-Guaray peoples led to the reduction of Taraonydian borders year after year. In 1248, the great Taraonydian Empire was fragmented into several states controlled by nobles and generals from the old Empire. These neo-Taraonydian states did not survive the civil wars, and soon Maracatibe became a patchwork of states again.

Last empires
After the dissolution of the Taraonydian, the Kwaba unified again in the Last Kwaba Empire, which failed to conquer the Bangui in 1596. Other empires and kingdoms established in Maracatibe at that time were the Northern Bangui Kingdom, the Paraté Empire, the Central Kwaba Empire, the Betazarava Empire, the Taraonydian Kingdom, the Machapi Empire, the Ochabi Empire and a number of Guaray states. During the 15th century, Moriquê Plague, a highly transmissible bacterial infection, plagued most Maracatibean states, decimating from a third to a quarter of the population by the end of the 15th century. The pre-Maracatibean Empires suffered several civil wars and conflicts between themselves until the arrival of the Jungastians, a factor that contributed to the success of colonization.

Colonization by Jungastia
The Jungastians arrived in June 1570, led by General Antonio Baptista. At that time, Maracatibe was called Terra Baptista, and its first governor general was Luís de Sá. Contact with the natives was initially friendly, with the Jungastians convincing the natives to extract wood and spices for the settlers in exchange for Artemia manufactures. The Kwaba Empire contacted the Jungastians in 1602, and after several negotiations, they agreed to help the Jungastian colonization in exchange for support in a war against the Bangui. Support was given and the Jungastians were left with half of Bangui territory, in addition to receiving gold from the Kwaba mines. However, conflicts of interest and smuggling charges led the Jungastians and the Kwaba to go to war, within the framework of the Holy War of Avalonia (1600-1701). The conquest of the entire Maracatibean territory, with the end of the Alliance War, was consolidated only in 1743, with the conquest of the Machapi.

The initial form of administration of the territory was that of hereditary captaincies, being later replaced by a central government in 1698. The colonial economy was sustained by the extraction of wood, precious metals and by plantations, of sugar cane, tobacco and later cotton and rubber. Until 1783, slavery prevailed in Maracatibe. The slaves were mostly descendants of the warriors native to the Alliance War and the Holy War of Avalonia, but there were also slaves purchased from Zahava. The society was composed of native Jungastians, white Maracatibean, mestizos, slaves and indigenous people, from the top to the bottom of the social pyramid, respectively.

The golden age of colonization took place between 1740 and 1810, when the extraction of alluvial gold, emeralds and diamonds led to Maracatibe receiving more attention from Jungastia, and receiving an enormous number of immigrants, in addition to developing an articulated and larger cities. During this period, Maracatibe became the main producer of gold, diamonds and emeralds in the world. However, gold and diamond mining saw its decline in the early 19th century. From 1830s, coffee was introduced on a large scale, along with cotton. In addition, iron mining becomes relevant as a consequence of the industrial revolution. Maracatibe. During the 19th century, Maracatibe received railways, telegraphs and other infrastructure. However, Maracatibe did not industrialize due to the rigid colonial Pact policy that prevented the colony from having a diverse industry

Conflicts in Colonial Era
Colonization was not peaceful, and Maracatibe had several revolts. Slave revolts were common throughout the period of slavery. The runaway slaves built settlements in the forest, called teroitabas, which came to house thousands of runaway slaves, and function as micro-states. The most important slave revolt during the colonial period was the Sebastiana Revolt in 1750, which helped end slavery. The colonial elite also revolted, the two most important revolts being the Revolt of Maracatibe Oriental (1792) and the Revolt of Esmeraldina (1832). The first was led by some landowners and mine owners on the east coast, who demanded reparations for the damage caused by the end of slavery. The second was led by the mining elite of Indauá, who wanted to reduce taxes on mining (which at the time was in decline). Both revolutions were stifled by the colonial government.

Another important conflict was the War on Piracy, which lasted two centuries. The Maracatibean pirates were anti-Jungastian Indians who plundered the ships of various colonial powers. They had powerful navies and land properties and supported slave revolts in the colonies. They came to operate in several oceans, and became a minority problem only in the 19th century.

Independence and first Republic
When the monarchy fell in Jungastia, Maracatibe went on to advocate more actively for more rights, such as political representation in parliament and end of colony status, as traders wanted freedom of trade and to establish industries in the country. However, these demands have not been met. Tension with Jungastia rose in 1907, with the rise of the Second Republic, which in order to reduce the internal crisis (which would deteriorate years later) increased taxes that affected Maracatibe.

A popular movement led by Justiniano Salgado, an epangelic priest, practiced civil disobedience and was severely repressed by colonial forces, which resulted in several conflicts, which resulted in the death of Father Salgado. The repression of the movement and the permanence of taxation without representation led to an increase in popular dissatisfaction with colonization, and taking advantage of this, the Maracatibean elite started to be linked to the Justiniano Salgado movement and to defend independence. A bloody war occurred between 1907 and 1914. The Jungastians, suffering heavy losses from the war and the internal economic crisis, recognized Maracatibe's independence only in 1914.

The first Republic lasted from 1909 to 1926, and was marked by a segregationist constitutional, electoral fraud, authoritarianism and oligarchism. Dissatisfaction with the post-independence government led to a civil war in 1916, which was won by the government. Still, the rebels' demands were met the following year, with the 1917 Liberating Amendments, which ended with the segregation and political exclusion of the non-white majority and women.

The results of the 1924 election did not satisfy the elite, as they brought left-wing leader Márcio Andrade to power, who soon implemented agrarian reform and nationalized various sectors of the economy. The reaction to this was an anti-cominist coup d'état, which lasted only a few months in 1926.

Socialist Regime and brief democracy
Between 1926 and 1944, Maracatibe was called Maracatibean People's Republic, and was a one-party socialist dictatorship, dominated by People's Vanguard. Although the beginning of industrialization was significant, the socialist government was marked by the persecution and death of hundreds of thousands of people, and by the famine resulting from the failure of [Ivo Aguiar] 's economic policies. Socialism was overthrown in 1944 by a military coup, and after a brief civil war, a brief democracy began.

The brief democracy had three elected presidents, between 1946 and 1956. They are Paulo Sérgio Cabral, Gilberto Santos and Cláudio Mendonça. Santos resigned due to health problems, and for that reason, Maracatibe had its first Woman President, Sarah Esmeralda, between 1953 and 1954. Cláudio Mendonça, of the left, suffered a coup d'état in 1956, accused of being a communist.

Cunhas' Dictatorship
Between 1956 and 1982, Raymundo Cunha and his son, Raymundo Cunha Filho,  dominated the country's politics, through a military dictatorship marked by the persecution of opponents, torture, murders and censorship. The Maracatibean Conflict also started at that time, with the People's Vanguard Army, followed by other far-left guerrillas, started to carry out violent attacks against the government, businessmen and farmers, with the aim of restoring  the socialist government. One of these attacks killed dictator Raymundo Cunha in 1973, leading to the rise of his son. It was in the 70s that the war became more intense, but the guerrillas suffered great defeats.

The Cunha regime was marked by economic prosperity under development policies (basically the same model as the brief democracy). However, the high government spending was disproportionate to economic growth, and the high level of individualization caused a severe economic crisis at the end of his government. In 1981, in the midst of various social tensions and the economic crisis, Cunha Filho announced a transition to democracy. During that period, Maracatibe became a Parliamentary Republic, until the new constitution was written in 1982 and a free presidential election was held.

Redemocratization and new republic
In the 1982 elections, Ernesto Nonato, of the left-wing Union for Democracy and Citzenship, became president. In his government, he called for a policy of non-payment of foreign debt, printing of money and price control, as a way to mitigate the economic crisis. However, such actions led to the deepening of the crisis, with the explosion of unemployment and inflation figures, which became the largest in the world in 1986. It was in the non-government that People's Vanguard Army ended its activities through a  peace agreement, which contributed to the reduction of the civil war.

Nonato was unable to elect a successor to the party itself, being defeated by Adalberto Corte Real, center-right. Corte Real adopted a policy of abrupt reduction of spending and privatization, in addition to undoing the disastrous policies of the previous government. A process of reducing the bureaucracy of the economy was also initiated, in order to attract investments. The debt was being paid gradually in the governments of Corte Real and its successors, of the same party, such as Jorge Huarachi and Antônio Calegaro. During the government of Corte Real, the war on drugs became much greater, and although the Maracatibean Conflict remained small, there was a strengthening of far-right militias in the conflict.

In 2007 Marcos Yousseff took over, succeeded by Tainá Silveira. Yousseff and Silveira were from the Union for Democracy and Citzenship (left-wing) and alternated from 2007 to 2018, when Fernando Fontoura, the current president was elected.

Geography
Maracatibe has an area of 1,364,520 km² (526,844.1 sq mi), making it the ninth largest country in Anterra. It has a large number of rivers, the main one being the Moriquê River, which rises in the high mountains of the northeast of Albaterra and flows into the Iapetus Ocean along the east coast of Maracatibe. It was a very important river for the Maracatiebean settlement and for the development of civilizations, being still very inhabited on its bank, mainly from the eastern half. The largest lake in the country is Lake Paramirim, with ____ km² of area, and is located in the province of Paraté. The main islands of Maracatibe, in order of size, are the Tamoyo Islands (Tamoyo-guaçu Island and Tamoyo-mirim Island - in the north of Abatuba), the Timbira Island (in the north of São Francisco), the Sacramento Islands (west of Santa Helena), Albuquerque Island (east of Paraté), Duarte Island (north of São Pedro) and Barroso Island (in the north of Pioca).

The country is crossed by the, in the south of Paraté, and is located entirely in the Tropical Zone of Anterra. Due to this location, Maracatibe is a country with a in the, therefore, it presents a high volume of rains throughout the year, which reaches more than 3,000 mm annually. Precipitation and high absolute humidity are a consequence of the high level of forest and mainly due to the presence of the. Most rains are of origin. The daily and annual of Maracatibe is very low, with the temperature being high all the year. The annual average temperature is around 27 C.

Its relief is marked by plains and depressions along the rivers and plateaus, and the southwestern border consists of the highest area in the country, where its highest point is located, Monte da Lança Negra, with 3,100 m of altitude. There is also a modern mountain range, although not so high to impact the climate, on the northwest coast, called Maciço Maracatibenho. Volcanic formations, including active volcanoes, are found on the islands off the north coast. These characteristics are caused by the convergent movement of the Avalonia plate with the Brigantic plate.

The typical vegetation of Maracatibe is the, there are also significant areas of ,. Characteristic of the equatorial forests, Maracatibe has a high, with 43,181 species of , 1,958 species of , 824 species of , 715 species of , 2,896 species of and 503 species of. The national animal of Maracatibe is the (or Harpy eagle), which is one of the largest eagles on the planet. It is found throughout the country. ,, , , , and various primate species are also characteristic animals of Maracatibe.

Demography
Maracatibe has an estimated population of 80.86 million inhabitants, most of which are located in areas close to the coast or on the banks of rivers in the interior, due to its highly dense forests. 78% of maracatibens live in areas considered urban, a majority that was reached between the 60s and 70s, with the expansion of the industrial sector and mechanization of agriculture.

Ethnic composition
Maracatibe is a country of high ethnic and cultural diversity. Due to the centenary coexistence of the many peoples that inhabit the nation, mixed people make up the largest portion of the population (30%) followed by the Kwaba, the Jungastians, the Bangui and the Guaraic. Considering the highest degree of descent among the mixed, the Maracatibean population now comprises 33.9% of Kwaba, 28.27% of Jungastian, 11.2% of Bangui, and 11.0% of Guaraic, in addition to other peoples .

The Kwaba inhabited the entire territory of Maracatibe for millennia, living in primitive tribes and also in the Kwaba Empire, located in the northeast of the country. The Bangui inhabited mainly the southeast, where they are still concentrated today. The Guaraico people inhabit the entire north coast, being more present in these regions. Other peoples, such as the Kiepki and Lachipi, are more present in the interior of the country, although there are also coastal communities, descendants of the Achapi civilization. With colonization and subsequent immigration, other colonists from Artemia and Typerin also came, mainly from those who colonized Theyka. Among this portion of the population (4.1%) the most important groups are the Agranians. The most important colony of Agraneses is the municipality of Puerto Sorridente, in Santa Helena, which maintains the Agranian language and customs. The other native peoples are descended from tribes in the southwestern forests, or inhabitants of the Maracatibean islands. Slavery brought people from Zahava and its colonies, such as Paseiwa. Other people from Kesh also went to Maracatibe on post-independence immigration to escape wars.

Languages
The Maracatibean constitution establishes two national languages, Jungastian and Kwaba. Jungastian, due to its importance derived from the colonial heritage, and Kwaba because it was spoken by two of the great ancient empires of Maracatibe (Kwaba and Bangui). However, the constitution also allows provinces and municipalities to define their official languages.

Education in schools is bilingual, with Jungastian being one of the mandatory languages, and the other mandatory language is one of the native Maracatibean languages. The offer of teaching these languages, however, depends on the municipality and especially the province. For example, Paraté and Bangui offer only Jungastian and Kwaba, while Abatuba offers Jungastian, Kwaba and Guaray. In general, all states and municipalities are obliged to offer Kwaba. There are 6 municipalities in which Agranian is a co-official language.

Kwaba is used as a first language by almost 20 million people, mainly in the states of the South, Southeast and in Abataba and Pioca. Guaray, in turn, is used as a first language by 7.5 million people, mostly in the states of the north coast (mainly São Pedro, Santa Helena, São Francisco, Batista and Santerre). The only province that does not have a first language spoken by more than half of its population is Pioca. Above these languages ​​is Jungastian, with 51 million first-language speakers. Due to bilingual education, Maracatibe is one of the countries with the highest percentage of people who speak more than one language, and also one of the countries with the most trilingual and polyglot, since in addition to national languages, many foreign language students such as Anglic, Vallisian  and Agranian.

The "others" category includes only languages ​​spoken as the first language, and not entirely foreign languages, such as Aravan (example)

Religion
The Constitution of Maracatibe establishes the separation between religion and the state and guarantees the  of its citizens. The majority of Maracatibean (96.6%) have some religion. Epangelic Church, a colonial heritage, is the country's largest religion, followed by 50.5% of all Maracatibean. Other Messianic denominations, mainly the Marian Communion denominations make up 5.5% ​​of the population.

The second largest religion is the cult of Tupantiua, practiced by 38.1% of the population, and is a local religion, with roots in the Guaraic and Kwaba peoples. There are several Tupantiua schools in the country, and some have Christian elements, a consequence of during colonization. 2.5% of the population follows another religion, of which half of them follow local religions.

Government and Politics
In Maracatibe, the fundamental law is the Constitution, dated 1982, all other laws must respect it. The constitution has undergone some revisions. The Constitution provides for referenda of popular consultation, the most recent examples of which were the Weapons Prohibition Law (2011 - not approved) and the Marijuana Legalization Law (2019 - approved but not yet implemented).

Maracatibe adopts the, and is a , with the head of state and government being called president. The national legislature is called the National Congress, and it is bicameral, with the General Assembly, with 501 deputies (lower house) and the Federal Senate, with 66 senators (upper house) representing the population (by proportional representation) and the provinces, respectively (each province has 3 senators). The vice president of Maracatibe is appointed by the president from among the 66 elected senators, needs Senate approval and accumulates the function of president of the Federal Senate.

Federal government


The President of the Republic is elected by for a term of 4 years, with the right to one re-election. To apply for this position, the canditate must be a born citizen and be over 35 years old. Senators are elected for an 8-year term, and have the same requirements as president, but entitled to any number of reelections. The deputies are chosen for 4 years, by the proportional vote of open list, and they only need to be over 21 years old and have citizenship. There is a strong movement in favor of or.

The president is the head of state and government and commander of the armed forces. He is the head of state and government and commander of the armed forces. In practice, this means that the president is the highest public representative in the country and the main articulator of the population's will. In addition to sanctioning or rejecting laws passed by the parliament, he can also propose amendments to the Constitution and projects that will be evaluated by deputies and senators, such as the creation of universities, positions and functions in the federal administration or the creation and extinction of ministries. Each year, the president must submit planning, spending, and budget forecasts to the National Congress. He sets out the situation in the country and indicates the measures to be taken. In addition, he must report annually to parliament. The president has also the power to enact federal intervention in the provinces (or in the Federal District), state of defense and siege; declare war in case of foreign aggression or celebrate peace, as long as authorized by the parliament;  maintain relations with foreign states and accredit their diplomatic representatives;  conclude treaties, international conventions and acts, subject to the parliament vote or citzen's referendum. Finally, it is he who appoints the commanders of the Air Force, Army and Navy, all ministries, Supreme Court judges and awarding honors to Maracatibean citizens or foreigners.

He can be dismissed through the process, which requires 2/3 approval from both chambers. However, for a process to be opened, the president of the Senate and the president of the Assembly must agree, which is highly criticized, since the president of the Senate is appointed by the President of the Republic, making it difficult to open the process.

The National Congress must oversee the president and his ministers, draft, discuss and vote laws, vote and discuss the budget sent by the government and revoke presidential decrees (including appointment of ministers and presidents of state-owned companies).

Judiciary
Courts administer justice on behalf of the people, defending citizens' rights and interests, preventing the violation of democratic legality and mediating conflicts of interest that occur between different entities. The Supreme Court is the highest court in Maracatibe, and judges issues related to the constitution. The last instance of common justice is the Superior Court of Justice. In addition to these, there are the Regional Courts (second instance), Common Courts (first instance) and the Court of Auditors. The Supreme Court is made up of 9 ministers appointed by the president and approved by the congress.

Political Parties
In Maracatibe, membership is necessary to run for election at any level (municipal, provincial or federal). There are __ registered political parties, but of these, only 11 have representation in parliament, and these are listed below.


 * (AN) = National Assembly
 * (SF) = Federal Senate

Past tensions

 * Theyka:
 * Albaterra:

AVI
On November 20, 2005, President Antônio Calegaro signed Maracatibe's entry into the Acerro-Vernazza Initiative (AVI), after two years of negotiations and planning. The agreement resulted in the consolidation of friendly relations with Theyka and the Confederate States of Northern Avalonia. The economic impacts were mostly positive, since the Maracatibean industry did not suffer much from the lack of competitiveness, on the contrary, exports to the bloc members increased, in view of the reduction in tariffs. However, the flow of skilled workers to Theyka is remarkable, it is the so-called "brain drain", as many go to where wages are higher. The migration balance is remarkably negative, with more Maracatibean asking for residence and work abroad than people from other members of the bloc asking for work in Maracatibe. The sector was the most benefited, with the number of tourists coming from KNA and Theyka more than doubling in the 5 years after joining AVI.

Foreign military personnel in Maracatibe
Maracatibe maintains a contingent of just over a thousand soldiers from Theyka, who are part of the AVI mission to combat the armed groups of the far-left and far-right within the scope of the Maracatibean Conflict. Combat is important not only to reduce the number of guerrilla attacks, but also to curb the large volume of drug and arms trafficking and piracy by the groups involved.

Armed forces


The president of Maracatibe is the commander-in-chief of the Maracatibean Armed Forces. The Ministry of Defense is the intermediary between the president and the branches of the armed forces, which consist of Maracatibean Navy, Maracatibean Air Force, in the Maracatibean Army, and Military Guard. Maracatibe invests 2.5% of its in the armed forces. The armed forces have a contingent of 314,000 military personnel.

is mandatory, with 18 year old males having to report to one of the three major forces (Army, Navy and Air Force). This enlistment lasts six months, but effectively less than 15% of the contingent is selected to remain. Other forms of entry into the Army are through the Military Academy of Montebranco (in Montebranco, Paraté), which trains soldiers with the rank of noncommissioned officer (the following year they leave, they become ensigns), Barra Vermelha Military Academy, which forms  military with the rank of Sergeant of Third-class and the Military Academy of Natal, that forms temporary officers. In the Air Force, it is possible to join, in addition to the conventional means, the Academy of Formation of Sergeants of the Air (which forms sergeants) or the School of the Air Force, which forms non-officers. In the navy, there is the Coast Guard School, the 'Naval Superior School'' (which forms noncommissioned officers) and the School of Sailors (which forms sergeants). It is also possible to enter the Armed Forces School of Technology, a prestigious educational institution that trains technicians in important areas of defense technology, with the possibility of going to the three forces or continuing as civilians.

In addition to the three major forces (Army, Navy and Air Force) there is the Military Guard, with ceremonial functions and ostensive policing of cities. The Coast Guard Command has a special status within the Navy, as does the Marine Command, but it is not a separate branch of the Maracatibean armed forces.

Subdivisions
Maracatibe is a federal state divided into 22 federal units, being 21 Provinces and 1 Federal District. The provinces are governed by provincial presidents, and have their own legislative bodies, called Provincial Assemblies. The Provincial Assemblies have a number of deputies ranging from 21 (Serra Verde) to 71 (Abatuba), according to the population. The same goes for the number of deputies elected by each federative unit. Provincial presidents and deputies are elected in the General Elections, which take place every 4 years, the last being in 2018. Each province and federal district also elects 3 senators.

Municipalities
The provinces are divided into municipalities, which are governed by mayors and also have a legislative body, the Municipal Councils. The Federal District, however, does not have this division, being divided into Administrative Regions, which do not have autonomy. The number of municipalities in Maracatibe is 1,666.



Regions
For statistical purposes, Maracatibe is divided into 5 regions: Southeast (Itauá, Diamamtina, Paraté, Bangui, and Serra Verde), Northeast (Abatuba, Pioca, São Pedro, Santa Helena and Distrito Federal), South interior (Morucá, Maracaí, Ibirapiranga and North Maracaí), Southwest (Ibiraúna, Montité and Pombal) and Northwest (Catão, Batista, Trindade, São Francisco and Santerre). Provinces can also have similar divisions.

Special Border Zone
The Special Border Zone (in Jungastian: Zonas Especiais de Fronteira / in Kwaba: Yandexá Yba Fronteira) consists of the grouping of all municipalities located 125 km from the border. It was established in 1982 with the objective of receiving strategic policies aimed at the security of the national territory and the development of the region.

Economy


The country has a mixed capitalist economy with vast natural resources. Its GDP (PPP) per capita in 2020 was over 20 thousand dollars. It is considered an upper-middle income country, with an emerging economy. Active in sectors such as mining, manufacturing, agriculture and services, Maracatibe has a workforce of more than 42 million people. It is a country of late industrialization, but it has a large and diverse industrial park. In addition, Maracatibe is also a major exporter of commodities, mainly of tropical fruits, coffee, cotton, sugar cane, rice, iron ore, oil, gold, beef, diamond and emerald. The service sector, with emphasis on tourism, is also very dynamic.

Agribusiness


employs 1 in 10 Maracatibean and corresponds to 20% of the country's Gross Domestic Product. The highlights of commercial agriculture are the sectors of, , , , , coconut, manioc, banana, natural rubber, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and. In these products, Maracatibe is almost always on the list of the ten or five largest producers in the world. In addition to these species, there are other smaller-scale crops, such as leeks, aubergines, cucumbers, ginger, cloves.

Animal extraction is represented by and, a sector in which the gigantic variety of fish species in Maracatibe is a collaborating factor. However, the commercial livestock sector for is not as strong, as the dense tropical forest vegetation is unsuitable for grazing. Still, there is a herd of more than 30 million head of cattle, which has grown considerably in recent decades. These data are also related to negative numbers, since in order to create pasture for extensive livestock, it is necessary to open several areas of forest, and for this reason, the cattle industry has been a major contributor to deforestation. In farming, Maracatibe is a large producer with more than 3 million tons of chicken meat being produced annually.

Industry
The idustrial sector of automobiles, steel, petrochemicals, fabrics, appliances, electronics, ships and other durable consumer goods represents 26.2% of maracatibean gross domestic product. Industrial activities are concentrated in large metropolitan regions and large inland cities, such as São Pedro, Serra da Esmeralda, Barra Vermelha, Indaiataba, Itaguaçu, Urutiba, São José, Kurou, Paramirm, Pirabiraba and Papagaiópolis.

The largest of the industries is the automobile industry, accounting for a quarter of all industrial Maracatibean GDP. The provinces of São Pedro and Santa Helena concentrate 65% of all production in the automobile sector, with 60% of all this value corresponding to the metropolitan regions of their largest cities. This sector contributed greatly to the growth and population density of cities in the regions called Wheel Belts. However, the participation of these places in the production of vehicles has been falling due to the process of internalization of industries, driven by factors such as unions, which have excessively burdened the payroll and labor charges, discouraged investments and favored the search for new cities. The main national automakers of Maracatibe are Marins, IMV, AgroVel, Uama, and Kajuru. In addition to these, there is a strong presence of multinational companies in the sector.

Another important sector is the steel industry, whose production in 2020 was 36.6 million tons of steel. This industry is concentrated in the provinces of Bangui, Itauá and Abatuba, with emphasis on the cities of the Iron Triangle region. This region accounts for more than 2 thirds of Maracatibean steel production. Another important producing region is São José, which receives iron extracted from the Rio dos Morcegos region. National production of rolled products was 27.2 million tons, and that of semi-finished products for sales totaled 11.8 million tons. The main steel companies are Aço Real, Tapajós, CNA, and Tavares.

Tourism
Attracted by its paradisiacal tropical islands, its exuberant beaches and dense tropical forests, millions of tourists go to Maracatibe annually, which contributes to almost 4.5% of the Gross Domestic Product. According to the Ministry of Tourism, 41.3 million tourists visited Maracatibe in 2020.

Mining and Oil
Maracatibe is a large producer of, which is mainly destined for the growing Maracatibean steel industry. Iron mining is carried out on a large scale in the states of the east coast and also between Morucá and Montité, where is the recently explored deposit of the Rio dos Morcegos, which despite being smaller than the one on the east coast, has the largest mine in the country. is also widely found, also used in steel and thermoelectric plants and exported. Other important reserves are and, in which Maracatibe has remained an important producer and exporter of these products since the colonial era. The largest reserves of diamonds and emeralds are in Indauá, but there is also considerable extraction of diamonds along the southern border.

mining is restricted to alluvial gold, which sustained the "golden age" of mining in Maracatibe, but went into decline. Bauxite is found in decent quantities along the southern border, and is heavily mined.

Maracatibe has a state-owned oil company, Petromar, but its oil reserves are modest, unable to guarantee self-sufficiency and sustain exports. Petromar has a monopoly on the extraction and refining of oil found in Maracatibean soil.

The mining sector, added to the oil sector, directly and indirectly employs more than 700 thousand people in Maracatibe, and represents approximately 4.0% of the Maracatibe's Gross Domestic Product, and besides diversifying exports, it is an excellent location factor for the industries.

Exports
Maracatibe's exports make up 21.0% of the Gross Domestic Product PPP, or approximately US $ 414.4 billion.

Some of Main Exports
Not 100% complete

Transportation
Maracatibe has 622 thousand kilometers of road network, the highways being divided into National Highways and Provincial Highways, administered respectively by the Ministry of Transport and the Provincial Departments of Transport. Some are granted to the private sector. Although the most densely populated regions with high industrial activity are served by paved roads of good quality, there are several kilometers of unpaved and poorly maintained roads, which makes interior roads very precarious and even dangerous.

Rail transport had its boom in the early twentieth century, with the socialist government, and the network was expanded by later governments and by private initiative. There are 23,123 kilometers of railways, 4,000 of which are electrified. Railways are very important in the transportation of cargo, mainly raw materials, and also for the transportation of passengers. Although the rail network meets the needs of Maracatibe relatively well, the sector has seen stagnation in recent decades, and more recently the retraction, since Maracatibe has already reached 25 thousand kilometers of railways. It is important to note that part of the railways are inoperative due to age and lack of proper maintenance.

Maracatibe has just over 1,000 airports, the busiest being the Presidente Paulo Sérgio Cabral International Airport, in São Pedro, with almost 40 million total passengers in the year 2020. The main port in the country is the Port of Barra Vermelha, whose number  total containers transported in 2020 was 4,931. Waterway transport is also very common in the country, due to the high number of rivers. However, it is relatively limited because not all rivers support this mode of transport.

Healthcare
in Maracatibe is 77.1 years, but with some variation between the federal units. The health care system is free and universal, called the National Health Network (Rede Nacional de Saúde - RNS), and was idealized in 1983, but fully introduced in 1986. Previously, health services were partially financed by the State, for low-income people, employed, and temporarily for the unemployed. Despite having a significant impact on the improvement of living conditions, the RNS is precarious in several places, with frequent lack of beds, equipment, medicines and workers, even in large cities, and the upper-middle class prefers to have private health plans. Added to this precariousness is the fact that some cities are far from complete hospitals, which results in long trips for performing complex treatments, for example. In some regions, such as Paraté, Pioca and Salgado, RNS received complementary investments from local governments and became a major reference, with public hospitals in Pioca being considered one of the best in the world. The government has made efforts to improve the access and quality of the RNS, although critics say that many investments are still lacking.

Education
Maracatibe has a Ministry of Education, which controls basic, secondary and higher education. Basic education is divided into Pre-school (two years long), School A (divided into A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5), School B (divided into B1, B2, B3, B4) and School C (divided into  C1, C3 and C4). Vocational education, or School D, is divided into two years and seeks to qualify workers for jobs that do not require a diploma. Pre-school and D-school are optional, but everything else is mandatory, with parents who do not take their children to schools and may be imprisoned for negligence.

is not permitted in the country, although similar education may be provided for children with special needs. Teaching can be provided by public schools (administered by municipalities) or private schools. There is also a system of military colleges, 14 of which are nationwide, administered by the Navy and the Army.

Maracatibean universities are free for all students from low-income families. People with higher financial capacity will have their university education only partially covered by the State. 33% of the population of Maracatibe has higher education. Admission to universities can be done through the National Examination for Admission to University, which applies to all public universities in the country and to some abroad.

in Maracatibe reaches 99.4% in the youngest, 96.8% in adults and 89.7% in the elderly. As the country is bilingual, teaching is also, with Portuguese and Kwabanese being mandatory languages, taught since pre-school. The tests taken by the students are alternated, sometimes written in Portuguese, sometimes in Kwabanese. This is part of an effort to revitalize the language, which lost importance during the apartheid prevailing in the colonial system and in the beginning of the republic.

The National Education Skills Verification Instrument (IVCEN) is a test made at the end of the year that seeks to measure the quality of teaching in each school, with the aim of helping to admire the teaching. The grades of the last available exam (2020), were on average (including all years of basic education): 66.5 in Mathematics, 60.6 in writing, 63.5 in Natural Sciences, 79.2 in Geography, 70.20 in National Languages, 87.6  in Foreign Languages, 70.6 in History, 65.7 in Literature.

Telecomunications
The telecommunications sector is regulated by the Ministry of Infrastructure, through the National Telecommunications Regulatory Agency (ANRT). In 2020, the number of people connected to the internet was over 60 million, constituting about 76% of the population over 10 years old and more than 72.5% of all households. Over 98% of households have access to television, and the main channels are TV Rio Verde, Anauê Maracatibe and CMR. CMR, acronym for Companhia Maracatibenha de Radiofusão, was the first radio (1922) and also television (1948) company in Maracatibe, and at the time it was a state-owned company (privatized in 1987).

Energy
Most of the consumed in Maracatibe comes from, the largest of which is  (60%), with a high share due to the use of its abundant plateau rivers. Together, and  account for 5% of the total generated. is responsible for 8% of the electricity generated in the country. Among the non-renewable sources, (6%),  (12%) and  (4%) stand out in thermoelectric plants, and, through its four plants, which represent 5% of the  production of Maracatibean electricity. Maracatibe invests heavily in renewable energy, and it is estimated that by 2030, the share of solar, wind and nuclear (non-polluting) energy will double by the next decade. A fifth nuclear power plant, in the province of Catão, is being built, and two more are being planned to start construction by 2025.

Science and Technology
Maracatibe invests 1.45% of GDP in. Government expenditures in this area include subsidies to companies, research funding at universities and public institutions, and the space program, through the Maracatibean Agency for Space Exploration (AMExE), in addition to other institutions. Maracatibe has technology for use in power plants and research, but does not have. The first experimental reactor was obtained in 1952, and in 1987, the Praia Nuclear Power Plant was built. The Maracatibean space program started as early as the 1940s, but remained stalled until it received larger investments from the government during Raymundo Cunha in the late 1960s, when AMExE was created. In the coming decades, it successfully launched a series of satellites, taking advantage of the advantageous position for the sector (Equator line). The Barros Neto Institute, located in São José, is a world reference in the production of antidotes, mainly of snakes in the region. Maracatibe also produces a series of locally developed vaccines.

Architecture and Sculpture
The architecture of Maracatibe has the enormous wealth inherited from the ancient pre-colonial civilizations, such as the Kwaba, Bangui, Guaray and Machapi, in addition to the Jungastian influence. Although there was a systematic destruction of its artistic heritage, monuments and pre-colonial symbols carried out in the early days of the colony, the archaeological sites are many and of great interest, in addition to the fact that the pre-colonial architectural style has endured, and its renaissance has  consolidated with independence.

The Kwaba, Bangui and Guaray cultures stand out for the construction of great pyramids, one of the largest in the world. The pyramids are richly adorned and colored, and have historically served as a temple, mausoleum or museums. The pyramids range from less than ten meters to more than 130 meters in height, like the pyramid of Tupan, in Indaiataba. At least a fifth of all the pyramids erected by the Maracatibean peoples before colonization are almost 100% preserved, as they have undergone renovations and maintain their colors and ornaments.

The kaisara, or protectors, are large monoliths on the coast that were designed to protect against volcanic eruptions and tsunamis. They started with the Guaray culture, in the north of the country, but it also spread to the east coast. They consist of the representation of heads or bodies and feet of warriors. In the belief of the native peoples, the statues would absorb the strength of the ancestral warriors, and help in the resistance of the tribe. There is a wide range of kaisaras, from the simplest to the most detailed. The mastery of the Kaisara art led to the construction of large monoliths representing important people, most of them emperors.

The architectural activity, especially of religious buildings, was intense from the conquest of the territory by the Jungastians. Colonial art is the result not only of the transfer of Aetemian plastic forms to another continent, but also of their adaptation to the mentality and the deep traditions of their adopted lands.

The 18th century Baroque Maracatibean, very well characterized, took the stunning decoration of facades and interiors to the extreme. Sculpture, painting and jewelery were put at the service of this art that took root in Maracatibean lands.

Painting
Maracatibean painting was born with the nation. The first traces of paint are on the walls of caves or hills in the middle of the forest using materials easily found in nature, such as clays, minerals, coal, charred bones and vegetables mixed with the binders to give viscosity and fix the pigment. The cave paintings of Maracatibe, found practically all over the country, portrayed the daily lives of its residents, such as hunting, teamwork and animals. It was believed that representing animals in rock paintings, hunting would be easier. Over time, rock painting evolved into pictograms, which in the future evolved even more and became the basis for the Kwaba glyphs and the Bangui glyphs, which consist of the first traces of writing.

With the mastery of ceramics, art passed to the vases, and also to the walls of houses and temples, during the Ancient Age (state cities). The ancient art of Maracatibe, both by the Kwaba and the Bangui, was influenced by the high variety of colors and shapes. The most used colors, by the Kwaba, were white, red, blue and yellow. Despite this limited palette, the skills of the artists provided works with a great deal of detail and high quality. This can be seen in the painting Entrance to the Building next to the Pyramid (image below), done by an unknown artist, and it shows the great variety of shapes and a great number of details that fill the great pillars of the constriction. The art of the Ancient Age kept the portrait of everyday life and animals (many prehistoric beliefs about the mystical value of the paintings were maintained by the Kwaba and Bangui), but it also represented religious passages and portrayed important people. In the tombs of emperors, priests or wealthy merchants, it is common for paintings depicting life's conquests to be engraved.

In the Middle Ages of Maracatibean history, the painting received more colors introduced by the Guaray, in the north of the country, but which influenced the other coastal empires. Guaray art sought to faithfully portray reality, without the exaggerations and constant use of geometric shapes used in Kwaba and Bangui paintings. Thus, people began to be portrayed with shapes and colors that are closer to reality. The White Background Portraits show the initial moment of Guaray art from the Middle Ages, portraying everyday activities.

The concern to portray reality realistically led to more in-depth anatomy studies. Thus, the final phase of Guaray art was marked by the use of perspective, even more colors and great proportionality, as can be seen in the frescoes Offering to Ananara and Taian Warrior, the latter being made by Guaray artists under the order of General Rudá de Taia , a Kwaba military leader.

After colonization, Maracatibean painting was marked by the mixture of Artemian aesthetics with local styles, but over time, the styles of the colonizers predominated. The main painters of the Baroque are Miguel Vaz de Sousa and Ignácio Brito. Another prominent painter of the colonial period was Renan Albano, who worked during Arcadism. In the 19th century, a restorationist movement infiltrated the various artistic movements, both romantic and neoclassical. During this period, painters returned to portray themes related to native peoples, distancing themselves from elements of the colonizers. Paintings depicting the gods of the Maracatibean native religion were quite common, as well as portraits of historical events involving the ancient Guaray, Kwaba, Bangui and Machapi empires. The use of blue, red, white and yellow started to predominate over other colors, as can be seen in the houses and clothing used by people in 19th century paintings.

From post-independence art, Epitácio Barbabela's futuristic performance stands out, who praised the dynamism and movement in his most famous paintings. Modern art in the 20th century also featured prominent painters, such as Francisca Évora.



Sports
The most popular sport in Maracatibe is, followed by , , and. The main football clubs are São Pedro Esporte Clube, Unidos de Bangui, Esmeralda and CR Braga. The national football championship is the Liga Maracatibenha, made up of 18 teams in the first division, 22 in the second and 24 in the third. Idjahuka-Xondaro is one of the two national sports in Maracatibe, and is an ancient martial art of the Kwaba and Bangui people, with a very important national competition. The second national sport is Peteca, which is also an ancient sport, with official competitions since the time of the Kwaba city-states. The National League of Peteca is the main competition in the country, having two divisions of Peteca Solo and Peteca Duo. Badminton is very popular because it is very similar to peteca, but with rackets.