Selengeria

Selengeria (Närangol:, Ikh Narangol Ulus, ), officially the Empire of Selengeria, is a sovereign nation in north eastern Kesh. It is bordered by the Tethys Bay and Tonkina to the north; Beifang to the west; Kodeshia and the Pearl Sea to the south; and Akiteiwa to the east. Selengeria covers 689,947 square kilometres and spans the majority of the Amur Valley and East Kesh Rift. The capital and cultural centre of the empire is Sukhbaatar while the largest city and economic centre is Kharakhorin.

Selengeria is the 5th most populous country in the world and one of the most densely urbanised. About a third of the country's terrain is mountainous, concentrating its population of 277.2 million around valleys and narrow coastal plains.

The Amur Valley has been inhabited by hominids for at least 700,000 years with the first archaeological evidence of being dated to 400,000 years ago. Agriculture and animal husbandry later emerged some time in the third millennium BCE among the Shuvgaar and Dungovid cultures, likely brought northward from Kodeshia. The growth and centralisation of these farming communities led to the development of the first settlements and civilisations in Selengeria. Successive kingdoms and empires would rule over the territories of modern Selengeria including the Jing Kingdom, Tang Kingdom, and Kyushu Empire. Starting in the 15th century, however, the pastoral Narangol under the command of Songoson left their foothill homelands and began a rapid conquest of lands around the Khovsgol Sea. Songoson founded Selengeria in 1577 following the defeat of the Zhu Kingdom. A succession crisis in 1632 saw most real political power become concentrated in the hands of the Yeronkhii and Jonon, a system which remained in place until being supplanted by the Imperial Directorate made up of members of the Blue Wheel Banner and the imperial court. The Directorate, despite fierce opposition from anti-reformist aristocracy, took an aggressive approach to modernising and liberalising the nation and and pursuing industrialisation. The dawn of the 20th century was defined by enormous socioeconomic upheaval and growing international tensions which would result in the Selengeria's entry into the disastrous Grand Campaigns. After suffering defeat in the war, Selengeria collapsed and splintered into a period of warring factions and states known as the "Gaigamshig". Khiyat Suudriin, the future dictator of Selengeria, rose to prominence during this time and would go on to lead his Undserkheg forces to victory in the Selengerian Civil War. The Undserkheg began consolidating the remains of the Selengeria into a totalitarian state and embarked on an ambitious programme of restoring pre-war borders and military strength. The return of an aggressive Selengeria alarmed the government's of Akiteiwa and Kodeshia and by 1954 the forced re-integration of the Republic of Toshu brought Akiteiwa and Selengeria into open conflict. The broader Kesh War soon expanded the front to the west with Kodeshia and Beifang declaring war on Selengeria in 1956. The tide of the war began to turn by the summer of 1957 and further devolved with Suudriin's death in 1955. The power vacuum that followed and prospect of a brutal protracted defensive war prompted Tiperyn to drop an atomic bomb on Kodeshia to force a ceasefire.

China emerged as one of the world's first civilizations, in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. For millennia, China's political system was based on hereditary monarchies, or dynasties, beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE. Since then, China has expanded, fractured, and re-unified numerous times. In the 3rd century BCE, the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire. The succeeding Han dynasty, which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE, saw some of the most advanced technology at that time, including papermaking and the compass, along with agricultural and medical improvements. The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty (618–907) and Northern Song (960–1127) completed the Four Great Inventions. Tang culture spread widely in Asia, as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa. Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution, when the Republic of China (ROC) replaced the Qing dynasty. The subsequent Chinese Civil War resulted in a division of territory in 1949 when the Communist Party of China led by Mao Zedong established the People's Republic of China on mainland China while the Kuomintang-led nationalist government retreated to the island of Taiwan where it governed until 1996 when Taiwan transitioned to democracy. The political status of Taiwan remains disputed to this day.

China is a unitary one-party socialist republic and is one of the few existing socialist states. Political dissidents and human rights groups have denounced and criticized the Chinese government for widespread human rights abuses, including suppression of religious and ethnic minorities, censorship and mass surveillance, and cracking down on protests such as the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. The Chinese government says that the right to subsistence and economic development is a prerequisite to other types of human rights and that the notion of human rights should take into account a country's present economic level.

Etymology
Cantonese: Narangol > Nojangu Mandarin: Narangol > Narengu Cantonese: eastern barbarians > Dungji > Mandarin: eastern barbarians > Dongyi Mongolian: Gazar lit. "land" but ICly "realm" > Khazar ?` Japanese: 西戎 seiju no kuni > Frisian: syjonlan > English: zionland ? Mongolian: Kharmoriin > Cantonese: Galamaren / Japanese: Karamurin > Frisian: Karmoryn > English: Camorin/Camorinia Mongolian: Guurdan "people of the bridges" > Frisian: Kuerdania > English: Kordania