Mursian language

Mursian (Murstina, pronounced /ˈmʊrʃtina/) is a Borealslavic language spoken in South Central Artemia, primarily in Mursland. It is the language of Mursians.

Along with the closely related Volirian languages and Vrtgoran, it is a member of the Sera-Boreslavic dialect continuum of the Proto-Artemian language family. The language has several characteristics that sets it apart from the other Slavic languages: changes include partial elimination of case declension (while featuring ) ...

Notes:
 * This is basically an interpretation of Czech/Slovak/Sorbian with a Latin alphabet and Greek, Albanian, Persian influences until I manage to make sense of it all. :p

Orthography
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Morphology
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Gender
Mursian distinguishes four grammatical genders: masculine, feminine, neuter, and.

The epicene is used when the referred should have a grammatical gender, but this gender is not determinable, could not be determined, or (in vernacular language) is irrelevant. This sees use when used in reference to a person of profession (of unknown gender), unknown figures, groups of people of both genders, and (in recent times). Neuter is limited to non-human subjects, such as objects, animals, or abstract objects. A complication is when talking about groups of people; when talking about its members, epicene ought to be used, when talking about the group as a whole, neuter should be used.

Examples:


 * 1) I went to the doctor, they told me to rest. - Ja bsem wokpehil lékare, oni kronil mje odpotsivat. (epicene singular)
 * 2) What does the thief look like? (lit. The thief resembles who?) - Slodsej vykadu kogo? (epicene singular)
 * 3) When the class heard the news, they all (the class-members) cheered. - Ked taxi uswytal správy, woni bsi witali. (epicene plural)
 * 4) Once the regiment finishes training, it will be deployed immediately on the frontline. - Raz pluk bsem podokontit vytuiko, inhed wono bsem rozmiistit w kufovi. (neuter singular)

The first sentence is an example of where the gender is deemed irrelevant to what is said; it does not matter for the story told whether the doctor is male or female. In the second sentence, the thief has yet to be identified, which means that they cannot be assigned a relevant gender, even though they are expected to have one in the sentence. In the third sentence, the class does not consist of a single gender, thus will have to use the epicene. The fourth sentence is an example of when neuter should be used for groups.

Number
Modern Mursian has 3 : Singular, and Plural.

In practice has the Dual gone into disuse in written language, finding only use in s and some special verbs. However, it still finds use in spoken language in various dialects. It is then often (arguably incorrectly) used to refer to a smaller group in relation of larger groups. For example ([TODO The class is angry at the group of bullies; they are scolded.]).

Most Utmursik gods are considered a 'dual-being' and have either a neuter dual or epicene dual inflection. These inflections are still in use in modern day when talking about the relevant deities.

Case
Mursian has 7 cases:, , , , , , and.

Declension based on case is used in nouns, adjectives, and some pronouns (personal, possessive, demonstrative). For Vocatives goes they are equal to the Nominative safe for some irregular nouns.

Nouns
Mursian does not use to indicate nouns.

TBD: mention all declensions

Adjectives
...

Pronouns
TBD: list of all pronouns in Mursian

Interrogative
Mursian has a set of Interrogatives which form the base for most of the pronouns. These are:
 * kto - 'who?
 * co - 'what?
 * ak (hak)  - 'how?', and its derivates
 * (h)aki  - 'what kind?'
 * (h)aký tas  (hakitas ) - 'at what time?'
 * (h)ak často  (haktato ) - 'how many times?'
 * kad - 'where?'
 * wotkul - 'from where?'
 * kedy - 'when?'
 * cohola - 'why?'
 * poses - 'how many/much?'

Of these interrogatives, kto, co, ak, aki and ak tasto have declensions. Declensions are carried over to the derivatives, as long as the pronoun type does not add a suffix to the word (with exception of -i).

Relative
Relative pronouns are formed by adding -s to the Interrogative. In the case the Interrogative already ends in -s (poses - 'how much?'; hakitas - 'at what time?') the last syllable is replaced by -os. Thus you form posos 'as many as' and hakitos 'at which time'.

Exceptions to these rules are: kam 'where' and ked 'when'.

Indefinite
Indefinite pronouns are made from the interrogative by adding ne- or kod(o)-. The former method results in a request for a specific although unknown subject (such as 'some' works in Anglic; someone, somehow, etcetera). The latter method is a more generalized form of the indefinite, used for when any member of a group suffices (such as 'any' work in Anglic; anyone, any kind of, anywhere, etcetera).

Exceptions to this rule are: raz (lit. 'some time' → 'once'), naki 'some kind of', kodotkul 'from anywhere' and kodakitas 'at any moment'.

Negative
Negatives are formed by adding the suffix ni- to the interrogative. The only exception on this is nitkul 'from nowhere', a contraction of wotkul 'from where?' and the aforementioned suffix.

Demonstrative
Mursian knows 3 types of : proximal, medial and distal. Proximal demonstratives are te 'this', to 'here', wotul 'from here' and vtedy 'then'. Medial demonstratives are tam 'this/that, the one/those near you' and tom 'the place near you'. Distal demonstratives are wón 'that', ta 'there' and womtul 'from that place'.

The basic demonstratives te, tam and wóm have declensions based on case, gender and number. Their declension is similar to the possessive pronouns safe for some exceptions, see Mursian_pronouns for details.

Prepositions
TBD: list of all prepositions in Mursian

Numerals
TBD: list of numbers

Verbs
TBD: Verb types, irregular forms

conjugation
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Adverbs
Adverbs are obtained through modifying the adjective by ...

Syntax
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Lexicon
... [Word list]

Linguistic influences
Scholars speak of a seperate Proto-Mursian when the Proto-Pozrik arrived in the Bohesian region and came into contact with the Utmuraks in the 5th century. The populations were in frequent contact with each other, and gradually merged vocabulary.

The Utmurak language itself had considerable loanwords from Ershimad?, and Atrymian by exposure during settlement period. From the latter, little has remained in modern Mursian and only few words can be attested with certainty. When the Ershamids settled the coast in 122 BCE, many loanwords entered Utmurak vocabulary, particularly about governance, law and religion.

During the Tovik period, the language saw significant influence of words, especially about novelty ideas. As the region gained independence, these words would often remain up until the Mursian Naissance in the 18th century. From then on, attempts were made to 'Voliriate' everyday vernacular, which saw success to some extend.

More modern terms find their origin from and. As Ludarsian and Thallasian (of the Bohesian form) return to education, loanwords from these languages gain popularity.

Antone-Mursian vs Sorish-Mursian
In northeast Sorland (KNA), the settlements of Antonene, Tordiu and Draukoirad speak a variant of Mursian. The region was settled in the 1870s-1900s by Mursian immigrants, mostly from the West Reimos area. Current day, an estimated 85000 people speak the variant.

Scholar disagree whether this variant is a dialect (Antone-Mursian, Mu: Antoni Murstina) or a separate language (Sorish-Mursian, Mu: Sorlani Murstina). Arguments in favour of it being a separate language is because there is a clear division point where the variant developed differently from mainland Mursian dialects. The far distance from the homeland, combined with the settlements at no point having Mursian government supervised schools, has caused various chances compared to standard Mursian. Much of the spelling and grammar is based on the older Mursian rules before the reform of 1900. The language also has seen influences of and Norsk for much of the day-to-day speaking.

Arguments against it is that the language is still very mutually eligible when a speaker of either variant has been in contact with the other for a short period of time, once they are adjusted to the different slang. Additionally, beside being based on the older grammar, much of the simplification in both variants have resulted in the languages looking similar in most writing.

Vocabulary comparison
TBD: the comparisons