Habesha

Habesha (:ሀበሻ; Hābesha), officially the Empire of Habesha (:የሀበሻ ግዛት; Yehābesha Gizati) is a   on the north-western coast of Kesh, spanning an area of 495,928 km2 and hosting a population of 66.3 million people. Habesha is administratively split into seven provinces, organized by ethnic composition among the three major groups, the Gwade, Hilisi and Net'ibi - as well as several minor groups. The nation's largest city, and capital, is Limereti, located on the mouth of the Shaballa. Another major city, Gasarra, is built around Lake Kana and is home to Habesha's major shipbuilding facilities.

The framework of the modern Habeshan state can be traced back to 1392, when the first noble of the Tewodros Dynasty, Atatafi Kelile, united the clans of Gwade under the Gwadarri Kingdom. Through successive but hard-fought military campaigns, he would push Gwadar's boundaries out of the peninsular region, erecting fortifications on the mouth of Shaballa that would morph over the centuries into present day Lemireti. He would attempt to expand towards Hilisi lands in the north - a band of independent, militaristic clans that skirmished amongst themselves - and Net'ibi lands in the south - a loose federation of clans that mainly lived off of cultural activities. What little progress he made was undone by a succession crisis after his death between his two sons - Iskinder Tsegaye and Melkalu Teklike, the aftermath of which would lead to a period in Habeshan history knows as the Brotherly Divide (1424-1488), as the once united Tewodros Dynasty fractured into Tewodros-Tsegaye and Tewodros-Teklile. This period would be brought to an end in 1488 when Iskinder II of Tewodros-Tsegaye defeated Atatafi II of Tewodros-Teklile, who died in the Siege of Limereti, reuniting the Tewodros Dynasty and formally beginning the reign of the Empire of Habesha.

The Empire would alternate between strong rulers that kept vassal nobles in line and weak rulers that gave free reign to the nobles, leaving the realm in a decentralized state. During Iskinder VII's reign which started in 1796, he would initiate efforts to permanently centralize the Empire with the aim of strengthening Imperial authority, he established the Īmipērīyali Āmegagebi (Imperial Diet) in 1800, its primary role being a body whose membership consisted of all vassals directly under the Emperor. The Emperor would have the power to summon them to his residence, the Kefitenyawi Bēte Menigišiti, there they would deliberate on matters affecting the realm. The vassals were powerless and they were there only to address the Emperor and await his decrees, Iskinder VIII considered any failure to heed his summons as a sign of treason, and when a group of Hilisi vassal refused to heed the 4th Imperial Summon in 1814, he declared them traitors and sent out a call-to-arms. Net'ibi vassals refused this call and he declared them traitors as well. The Mad Emperor's War as it would be called only lasted a year, with Iskinder VII's forces being routed in the Battle of Upper Shaballa and his eventual death at the hands of the Tewodrine Guard. His brother, Yohannes III would ascend to the throne, on promises of moderate change and reforms to the Imperial Diet.

Habesha survived the turmoil of the colonial period, though it wasn't left unscathed, repelling invasions and expeditions. Modern day Habesha has gone through several reforms, one major change occurred during the 15 year rule of the Federal Republic of Habesha, provincial guardsmen from the majority Hilisi provinces staged 1962 Masran Coup, seizing northern cities and eventually storming Lemereti, killing thousands of loyalist supporters and going on to set fire to the High Palace, destroying it for the second time. Federal rule would be characterized by ethnic cleansings and political purges (both internal and external)that would come to an end in 1977 when a coalition of resistance movement overwhelmed the dwindling Federal Army, reinstating Empress Elsabet I who had fled to Kitoko before the 2nd Burning of the High Palace.

Government
For most of the nation's history, Habesha has been a, this changed for a brief period during the Federal Crisis after the Masre and Marqawi Provincial Guard together with Hilisi members of the Imperial Army staged a coup, turning the nation into a   state. The federal government would be deposed in 1977 after years of fighting and the old system would be restored. In 1979, a new constitution would be approved by the National Senate and Empress Elsabet I that would reform the nation into a. The Imperial Throne (Emperor/Empress) retained their role as, holding executive power over the nation while the chancellor's role as was defined in the 1979 Elsabet Constitution.

Monarchy
Habesha's monarch carries the title of Emperor/Empress in the style of His/Her Imperial Majesty, the position is more commonly referred to as the Imperial Throne when referred to in unofficial administrative contexts. forms an integral part of the Habeshan Imperial System, the Prince of Gondar (officialy known as His/Her Imperial Highness the Prince/Princess of Gondar) serves as a position from which the heir to the Imperial Throne co-rules alongside the monarch. The prince in practice has no real power over state affairs, the position merely eases the succession process on the death of the reigning monarch. The level to which the prince is involved in ruling activities varies between monarchs, though a highly involved prince has shown to take over rule more easily and is well adapted to the pressures of government.

As head of state, the Emperor holds wide ranging executive powers. Laws from the Grand Assemblies of the Empire (bicameral legislative arm) are ratified by the Emperor (Imperial Assent) and the Emperor can issue decrees on the advice of either the National Assembly or the Ministerial Council. Through the Chancellor, the Emperor is aided in the day-to-day running of the Empire, the members of which are appointed by the Chancellor, with the Emperor having the power to veto appointments and forward candidates for appointment by granting them Imperial Imprimatur.

Economy
Habesha's economy runs on a mixed economic model, known locally as the Fassilides Model. The imperial government maintains control of the primary sector and some parts of the secondary sector such as heavy industry through state corporations. These state corporations fall under the Imperial Economic and Development Council (IEDC), which sets production targets, controls prices amongst state corporations and maintains relevant production infrastructure. Having been the focus for the majority of the 20th century, Habesha's industry is among the most productive in Kesh, coming at the cost of the tertiary sector. Recently achieving a 45% share of the empire's GDP (PPP), the tertiary sector is slowly developing due to the efforts of private industry, the importance of tourism to Habesha's economy had been stated in a 2010 IEDC report that recommended government investment in this sector, leading to the establishment of the Special Department for Tourism and Cultural Relations.

Agriculture
Agriculture accounts for 14.3% of Habesha's GDP (PPP) and employs roughly under 20% of the population though is able to sustain both the population as well as an export margin due to the consolidation drive and heavy mechanization efforts of the first and second Five-year Imperial Development Plans. Large tracts of arable land was consolidated under state-run (under Tsegaye Agricultural Corporation) and co-operative farms and the Ministry of Agriculture was formally established, its functions mainly focusing on management, research and supervision of the Empire's agricultural sector.

Crops such as, , , , , and  are the major crops grown in staggering quantities and land Habesha amongst Anterra's major agricultural exporters. Other crops that are present in the Empire's agricultural sector are tropical fruits such as, and , , , , ,  and a wide array of tropical fruits.

Industry
Industries form the backbone of Habesha's economy, with sectors such as steel, automobiles, shipbuilding, machine tooling and multiple consumer goods, industrial production makes up 40.4% of the empire's GDP. Most plants are run by state corporations and are located in the capital, Lemireti and Gasarra (the nation's largest city). Foreign corporations can be found in Special Economic Zones (SEZ), with the largest being the city of Samara, the whole city itself is designated as an SEZ with it's own specialized administrative structure.

The steel industry is one of the most important sectors, providing a lot of the raw material required by other industries operating in the empire. The Adagoba Steel Corporation (ASC) controls all of the steel mills found in Habesha, with production prioritized to meet the needs of other state corporations. Excess steel produced by the company is usually sold on the civilian market or to international companies in the SEZ, the price being higher than that set by the IEDC. The average yearly steel in Habesha is 61.3 million metric tonnes.

The shipbuilding and automotive sectors are another major part of Habesha's industry. The Habeshan Imperial Maritime Corporation (HIC Maritime) is a state-owned shipbuilding company and the largest in the nation. Due to it's facilities being located in Gasarra, it contributed to the rapid growth of the city, leading it to surpass the capital in both size and population. HIMC's revenue is mostly generated by external contracts, with it being able to construct ships at a comparatively lower price due to IEDC price controls on raw materials and cost-free transportation.

The automotive sector is unique in that it is not entirely controlled by the state. Foreign companies have set up assembly factories in Samara that primarily produce products for the consumer market. Though they manufacture a margin of industrial vehicles such as trucks, buses and specialized equipment like farm tractors and harvesters, this is mainly due to state production failing to cover demand. Vehicles produced by the Habeshan Imperial Automotive Corporation (HIC Automotive) are preferred due to their reliability and ease of maintenance.