Yu'an Y.1

The Yu'an Y.1R was a two-seat developed by the Yu'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation then the Imperial Yu'an State Factory, and one of the first indigenous Kodeshi aircraft to enter production. It was built in the Chenghai factory in Yu'an in the Liang Dynasty and flown during Grand Campaigns by both sides during the Kodeshian Civil War.

Development and design
The Kodeshia Imperial Army became involved in aircraft production in 1913, when an aeroplane factory was set up, with its first work being to build several Artemia designs. The Imperial Yu'an State Factory continued to build aircraft under license, including more foreign aircraft designs as well as prototypes of several of its own designs.

In 1917, the chief designer of the Imperial Yu'an State aircraft factory designed a new reconnaissance biplane, with a prototype of the new design, powered by a 140 hp (104 kW) water-cooled radial engine, making its maiden flight early in 1918. Test results were good, and the type was ordered into production as the Yu'an Y.1R. The Yu'an Y.1R was a three-bay biplane of wood and fabric construction. Its crew of two sat in separate, closely spaced cockpits. Initial production aircraft were powered by 200 hp (149 kW) Koudezhou radial engines

Operational history
It was widely used in the Grand Campaigns by the relatively newly formed Imperial Kodeshi Air Corp and proved vital in the Tang Offensive of 1923. The type was later used by both sides in the Kodeshian Civil War.

Variants

 * Y.1R - two-seat reconnaissance aircraft
 * Y.1R1 - a small number of aircraft with a more powerful engine for slightly higher speed.

Operators

 * Kodeshia
 * Imperial Kodeshi Air Corp (1917-1929)
 * National Revolutionary Air Army Corp (1927-1929)