Maracatibe

Maracatibe (pronounced in : m'ar'ak′at'ib'e) officially, Sovereign Community of Maracatibe (in Portuguese: Comunidade Soberana do Maracatibe; in Kwatib: Komunidadi Banktã wa Marakwatib) is a country, more specifically a federal republic, in southern Avalonia, limited to the south by Zahava, on the west by Albaterra and on the north by Theyka (sharing sea border only). The country has a population of approximately 65.75 million, and a land area of ​​1,380,400 km². Salgado is the capital, but its largest city is São Pedro, located on the north coast, with 2.5 million inhabitants.

Maracatibe is a former colony of Jungastia. Before colonization, its territory was a patchwork of hundreds of tribes and states with different languages ​​and dialects. The original peoples ranged from primitive tribes to great empires, such as the Kwati Empire (which gave the country its name). Colonization began in the 16th century, with the establishment of small commercial warehouses to facilitate access to Albaterra. Friction with native states became inevitable, and Jungastian colonization was consolidated in the following century. In addition to Jungastia, other powers have already had small colonies on the coast of Maracatibe. Maracatibe formally declared its independence in 1907, the year in which a war broke out, guided by the ideals of the secessionist movement led by Father Justiniano Salgado, who had failed months before. Its democracy is recent, proceeding from the 1982 Constitution. Before that period, Maracatibe suffered a military dictatorship and previously a socialist dictatorship, in addition to a civil war in between.

Due to the tropical climate, Maracatibe has landscapes marked by lush tropical forests and paradisiacal islands near its coast, which attract millions of tourists every year. Its forests have a huge biodiversity, mainly of birds and plants, in which Maracatibe is on the podium of the list of the greatest variety of species. In the southwest of the country there is a higher relief, where Mount of Lança Negra is located, the highest point in the country, with 3,450 m of altitude. The north of the country is located on the edge of the Avalonia plate with the Brigantic plate, which, due to their convergent movements, cause a tectonic instability that has already caused very deadly earthquakes throughout its documented history. The country has 7 active volcanoes, most of which are on islands off the north coast.

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Arrival of Jungastians
In June 1570, a Jungastian fleet led by Antonio Baptista arrived in the region where Barra Vermelha is today, and sailed along the coast until reaching Albaterra. Upon returning to Jungastia, Baptista informed the court about the new findings. While Baptista was selected to lead the exploration of Albaterra, another general, named Luís de Sá, was appointed to lead the exploration of Maracatibe, at the time called Terra Baptista.

Sá created coastal establishments that served as warehouses for the trip to Albaterra. The contact with the natives was initially friendly, with the settlers having successfully translated the Guará-Kwatib language into Portuguese. Initially, the natives extracted trees (very valuable in Jungastia), dyes and tropical fruits in exchange of mirrors and clothes. While Albaterra had been extensively explored, Terra Baptista had only a few colonial settlements at that date.

Terra Baptista became an administrative part of Albaterra, but everything changed in 1602, when Jungastian ships entered the Moriquê river and had contact with the Kwatib Empire, at the time governed by Tupanajara XVII. Initially, the Kwatib and Jungastians had harmonious relations, with Jungastia helping Kwatib to conquer the Banguí Kingdom in 1604, in exchange for land and gold.

Debt War (1606-1617)
The Jungastians claimed that aid to the Kwatibs was not well rewarded, and so they began to pressure the Kwatibs to allocate most of their gold production to Jungastia. After accusations that the Kwatibs were hiding gold, the Jungastians demanded that fiscal officers be sent to guarantee full payment of the war's debt. This was not done, with Tupanajara XVII saying "We are not a colony" and ordered to expel all Jungastians from their territory. This resulted in a declaration of war.

Even weakened by disease and the problems caused by the war against Bangui, the Kwatibs took an initial advantage, massacring the Jungastians and impaling their bodies on the coast. The Jungastians could not destroy the Kwatib Empire in a short time because they also had to take care of the Holy War of Albaterra (1600-1701). The Kwatibs had conquered all Jungastian ports throughout Maracatibe.

However, as the 100-year war in Albaterra had several periods without battles, Jungastia can dedicate itself to fighting the Kwatibs in these periods of "peace". Due to the material superiority and experience of the Jungastians, and the fact that the Kwatibs were already being harmed by disease and widespread hunger, Jungastia took the capital Marakakakwatib on February 6, 1617, marking the end of the Debt War

Post-war period
In the post-war period, the native population continued to be decimated by plagues and the violent colonization of the Jungastians. The city of Marakakwatib, the former capital of the Kwatib Empire, was destroyed almost entirely and became the capital of the Colony of Maracatibe and Terra Baptista. Marakakwatib gave way to the city of Porto Real (1639).

Colonial policy
Jungastia adopted the same model as Albaterra, that of Hereditary Captanias, where captains would buy the right to establish villages, plantations, the local fiefdom and any other infrastructure needed to create a profitable fiefdom. But if he did not make captany profitable, he would lose that right.

Later, in 1698, the system was seen as a failure, and power was centralized in the figure of a general-governor. Two states were created, the State of Baptista (south) and the State of Maracatibe (north). The first general-governor of Maracatibe and Baptista was Casimiro de Lima e Silva, who boosted the colonial economy, which was based on, , and ,  and  plantation, as well as Albaterra. Large plantations and mines were driven by local slaves.

Golden Era (1740-1810)
Mining has always been very strong, as the Kwatibs were already aware of large reserves of gold and silver. However, such reserves were declining, until in the 18th century, other large gold deposits were discovered, in addition to huge reserves of emerald and diamond. The gigantic growth of the city of Serra da Esmeralda and Mina Rica stands out.

The so-called Mines' Revolution stimulated the development of cities, population growth and the creation of a solid internal market. At the time, Maracatibe became the largest producer of diamonds and emeralds, and the second largest producer of gold in the world. Settlers from Albaterra migrated to Maracatibe, to invest in mining, and brought with them.

In addition to the states of Maracatibe and Baptista, the territories of Esmeraldina and Diamantina were created, which had direct control of the Jungastian crown, to facilitate the sending of metals and precious stones. Due to the importance, Maracatibe and Baptista received the title of Viceroyalty, with D. Afonso Limoeiro being the first viceroy. However, mining began to decline slowly from 1750.

Bederê revolt (1750)
They were ex-slaves in São Pedro and revolted against local authorities after a pregnant slave was whipped to death for refusing to continue working, even though she was in pain because of her pregnancy. Slaves demanded better working conditions, such as more food and an end to physical punishment. They even took over some farms and beheaded their owners. The movement spread to other cities, where slaves began to fight to end slavery.

The repression was enormous, with the colonial government ordering the hanging of 22,000 slaves and the exposure of their heads on the roads. The horrors of this representation helped to base the Charter of Santiago, which also denounced slavery in Albaterra.

End of slavery (1753-1780)
Slavery was abolished in 1753. Unlike Albaterra, the viceroy of Maracatibe and Baptista did not disobey the king, although the desire of local farmers was to maintain slavery.

The total abolition of slavery in 1780 by Jungastia did not improve much the condition of the ex-slaves, who went on to become servants. They still had to pay high labor fees to their masters and some suffered physical punishment, even though they were prohibited. Even so, there was an economic impact with slavery, which bothered local elites.

Independence of the Oriental Republic of Maracatibe (1792)
Against the end of slavery, white farmers hired mercenaries to form a pro-independence army. They initially demanded the abolition of several taxes, through the Letter of Ávis.

"[...] Your majesty, since the captives were freed in Maracatibe, we plead with you to reduce the burden of taxation on us, the countrymen, who help to put food on the hearty banquets of your court. We cannot  more to work in these conditions. If this is not met, unfortunately we will stop paying taxes, and we will fight for that right [...] "

The letter was not answered by the king, who ordered the sending of troops to fight the revolutionaries. The farmers were supported by white men, but the descendants of natives opposed the independence movement due to intense royal propaganda that linked the farmers to the return of slavery.

On the night of June 2, 1792, Guará-Kwatibs and other descendants of natives armed with machetes killed several pro-independence farmers, and set their properties on fire.

The war lasted until December 1792, ending the six months of independence on the east coast of Maracatibe. The movement's leaders were exiled, arrested and fined. The natives who killed the farmers were also punished.

Emeraldina Revolt (1832)
With the decline of mining, Jungastia began to raise taxes on gold, emeralds and diamonds mined in Maracatibe and Baptista. This occurred as the colonial economy stopped receiving large investments, and the quality of life of the colonists deteriorated.

With that, the Count of Serra Esmeraldina, Alfredo Gama, owner of large mining properties, agreed with other miners who would disobey the royal taxes, and demanded dialogue. But that was not accepted, and the Jungastians ordered the deposition of Afredo Gama. Gama with the local elite proclaimed the Grand Duchy of Emeraldina, but its independence was not recognized by any sovereign state. The Grand Duchy lasted only 3 months, since the colonial troops managed to restore order. The movement's leaders were exiled due to their high social status, but leaders of popular pro-independence strands were executed.

Era of coffee, iron and cotton (1830s)
At the time of the industrial revolution, Maracatibe became one of the largest cotton suppliers in the world. That time coincided with the rise of coffee as a major export product. The mining of emerald and diamonds grew slightly, and the large iron reserves were finally tapped. Maracatibe was a major supplier of this raw material to the Jungastian industries.

During that time, the first industries established in Maracatibe. They were fabric industries (for coffee bags), but they were in small quantities, since Jungastia decreed in 1858 to ban the installation of industries in the country, making an exception for Sociedade Real do Aço (Royal Steel Society), a steel company located in São Pedro. During this period, the construction of the Coastal Railway Line (1846-1870), the first Jungastian railway outside of Jungastia, stands out.

As Maracatibe served only as a support for the industrialization of Jungastia and other powers, independentist ideals were strengthened. The local bourgeoisie wanted the abolition of the ban on the installation of industries, and this would not be met with the colonial absolutist monarchy. An important pro-independence newspaper was created, called A Voz de Maracatibe (The Voice of Maracatibe), which disseminated liberal ideas.

Democracy in Jungastia (1895-1907)
After the fall of the Jungastian Transition to Democracy in 1895, the colonial authorities of Maracatibe were deposed by a National Guard made up of mercenaries hired by pro-independence farmers. After the formation of the first Jungastian parliament, Maracatibe sent a series of demands, such as the end of bureaucracies for the construction of infrastructure, the abolition of many colonial taxes and the freedom to create factories in Maracatibe.

These demands were met "in half" but the Opening of Ports in 1896 (allowed Maracatibe to trade with nations other than Jungastia) had a great effect on the country's economy. A young and small textile industry was on the rise. Some other industries have also emerged to cover local demands, such as lighting, electricity, shipbuilding and railways.

Despite this, colonial taxes remained high, and the elite of Maracatibe began to fight for the end of colony status. As taxes also weighed on the lower classes, many also wanted better living conditions.

War of Independence (1907-1914)
After the rise of the Second Jungastian Republic, the crisis in the country got even worse, and this hit Maracatibe. The first actions of the second republic were to raise taxes on all settlers, to prohibit the creation of more industries in Maracatibe and the strengthening of the colonial pact. Republicans denied all settlers' demands for political representation.

Father Justiniano Salgado did charity work with the poorest, providing food and housing for homeless people and small farming families. Taxes weighed heavily on the poorer classes, and Salgado began to advocate for the improvement of the population's living conditions, and the end of racial segregation laws. Justinian preached civil disobedience, and marched with supporters to the colonial capital, Porto Real. Wherever he went, he encouraged poor communities to refuse to pay taxes to Jungastians and to buy Jungastian products until popular demands were met. Thus, there was a large growth in the parallel market. The middle class and some sectors of the elite started to support the priest, and financed the creation of manufactures illegally.

The revolt was initially peaceful, but after Jungastia sent soldiers, a popular army was formed, the so-called Front for the Liberation of the Maracatibean People. They declared independence on April 26, 1907. The rebels were initially crushed by Jungastia, and more than 22,000 people were killed between April and September 1907, including the charismatic Father Justiniano Salgado, who was shot in public. Protests and revolts dragged on for six months and Jungastia's tax and political oppression grew stronger and stronger until the movement reached national proportions. With the help of anti-Jungastia nations, the Maracatibe Liberation Front seized Porto Real in October 1907, imprisoning the colonial authorities and establishing a Provisional Government.

Provisional government (1907-1909)
The provisional government was headed by General Caio de Lima Guimarães, who commanded the Maracatibean People's Liberation Front. Colonial authorities were arrested, but many fled to Albaterra. The provisional government convened a National Constituent Assembly and a Temporary Governance Council, to assume legislative functions until the end of the drafting of the constitution.

Taxes were reduced and several laws linked to the colonial pact were repealed. The constitution established the Sovereign Community of Maracatibe as the official language, removing "Baptista" from the name. The capital, Porto Real, was renamed Liberópolis. The has become the type of government.

During the period of the provisional government, Maracatibean troops even engaged with Jungastians in Albaterra. The dense tropical forest between the two colonies hampered progress on both sides, and President Guimarães gave up on conquering Albaterra, despite sending supplies to the Albaterra Liberation Front, which was unsuccessful in its attempt at independence. The first country to recognize Maracatibe's independence was XX, which even provided troops and supplies in support of the Maracatibean army.

First Republic (1909-1930)
In June 1909, the 1909 Constitution was finished, and established that the next deputies, senators and the president would be elected for 6 years. There was great resistance to the constitution, as it maintained segregationist laws, which even restricted the right of non-whites to vote and stand as a candidate. Non-whites could only run for low positions, and had to have a minimum income to vote. Minimum income that excluded at least 5/9 of the non-black adult male population. In addition, it was necessary to be literate.

The Presidential Elections of 1909 in Maracatibe elected Paulo Mascarenhas d'Ávila, of the Constitutionalist Republican Party, with 85.5% of the votes. These elections were marked by fraud, poor attendance and imposed votes (allies of the winning candidate, with possessions, threatened the poorest to vote for him). D'Ávila was an ally of Guimarães. During his government, landowners benefited from subsidies and reduced taxes. In addition, D'Ávila built schools, universities and hospitals, initiating a major health plan for the eradication of various diseases.

Recognition of Independence
Jungastia was experiencing great difficulties, and had to control instability in the country itself and also in Albaterra. Inflation was so great that prices doubled every week or two. Social tensions were extremely high, and Jungastia drastically reduced his efforts to try to take Maracatibe back. In 1910, with the inauguration of Paulo D'Ávila, conversations began to recognize independence. Jungastia demanded payment of one hundred million dollars, which was a very high price, which the Maracatibeans were not willing to pay, stating that the Jungastians owed colonial reparations.

Conversations stagnated until 1913, when the political, social and economic situation in the Second Republic of Jungastia worsened. Meanwhile, Maracatibe was recovering, and had acquired several military equipment (at the cost of increasing the debt), such as ships and aircraft. Several naval battles marked the end of 1913, as Maracatibe had tried to block Jungastia's access to Albaterra until independence was recognized.

Between December 1913 and January 1914, new conversations took place, and Jungastia agreed to recognize Maracatibe's independence, as long as Maracatibe ceased support for secessionist movements in Albaterra. Maracatibe also revoked the expropriation of Jungastian lands and the ban on Jungastian companies from operating in the country. In return, Jungastia gave up the Black Triangle (region between Maracatibe and Albaterra, which was officially Albaterra but was neglected because it was formed by dense forests), ceded to Maracatibe, by the Treaty of Liberópolis (1914), on January 6.

Uprising of Barra Vermelha (1916)
In 1916, close to the elections, a popular revolt occurred against the government of Mascarenhas D'Ávila. The government of the time, supported by the mayor of Barra Vermelha, created an urbanization plan that ordered the destruction of the houses of the poor (ugly houses) in the city center, to make way for buildings with better visuals. The poor were pushed to the peripheries, creating slums. As they were mostly descendants of natives, they also fought to end racial segregation.

They were severely repressed by the Urban Police, with many being killed in clashes. In addition to this revolt, there was a mutiny in the Navy, as the sailors protested the physical punishments applied to Marcelo Xavier (500 lashes, of which only 100 were allowed) for having supported the revolt in the city.

News of the revolt spread throughout the country, and the 1916 General Strike was called, demanding an improvement in living conditions and an end to segregation policies. In response to the strike, the government raised taxes, and repressed more radical protesters. In addition, members of the People's t Vanguard were persecuted and arrested. Several newspapers were censored and journalists were convicted.

In the 1916 general elections, Joaquim Góis, of the Federalist Party won with 67.7% of the votes, which generated a great popular reaction, also muffled.

Civil Rights
Due to the increase in revolts, Góis had to meet popular demands, and for that reason, in his government, the end of segregation laws in politics and the secret vote were approved. Góis also encouraged the learning of native languages, such as Guará-Kwatib, and invested heavily in early childhood education.

1924 election
In 1924, Márcio Andrade, from People's Vanguard, won the elections with 52.5% of the valid votes. Opponents of the socialist accused him of fraud. Andrade made a series of investments in the economy, in education and health, and planned an agrarian reform and the nationalization of mining and oil exploration, things that displeased the local and foreign elite, such as the Jungastians (who controlled most of these sectors for  multinationals). This led to a coup d'état in 1926, in which the military, led by Carlos Alberto Menezes, took power for three months.

Revolution of 1926
In the government of Alberto Menezes, president Márcio Andrade was arrested. Menezes claimed that Andrade, helped by international socialism, defrauded the elections so that he could make Maracatibe a socialist country, and with that, put dictators in power to oppress the population and lead the people to misery. The attempt to convince failed, and a coup d'état took place within the coup d'état and caused Menezes to flee to Jungastia, where he was supported by dictator Marcelo Pisani Coutinho.

The coup put Andrade back in power, and suspended the National Congress, stating that they were coup leaders. Andrade created a Constituent Assembly formed of workers, rural workers and teachers, to draft a new constitution.

Socialist Government (1926-1944)
Maracatibe became the Sovereign Socialist Community of Maracatibe, and a nationalization of all sectors of the economy began. This generated the reaction of capitalist states, such as XX, YY, XZ ..., which established an embargo on the country.

SSCM had three presidents, Márcio Andrade (1926-1932), Romeu Boaventura (1932) and Ivo Aguiar (1932-1944). All governments were marked by media control and the arrest of opponents, but the government of Ivo Aguiar was the most oppressive, responsible for sending opponents to forced labor camps and even executing the enemies of the revolution. Aguiar worked actively for international socialism, financing the murder of owners of multinationals around the world and providing money and weapons to socialist groups. One of the great plans was the financing of the Socialist Front of Albaterra, to establish independence and create the United Socialist States of Southern Avalonia (Union of Lusophone Socialist States of Avalonia was also proposed).

The purges in the armies caused the deposition of Ivo Aguiar in 1944, and General Herique Martins de Aquino took power, supported by foreigners from XX, YY, ZZ ...

Geography
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Demography
Maracatibe has an estimated population of 65.75 million inhabitants, most of which are located in areas close to the coast or on the banks of rivers in the interior, due to its highly dense forests. 78% of maracatibens live in areas considered urban, a majority that was reached between the 60s and 70s, with the expansion of the industrial sector and mechanization of agriculture.

Ethnic composition
Maracatibe is a highly diverse country, due to the large number of cultures in its territory before the Jungastian colonization, the later arrival of Jungastians and the immigration of people from other parts of the world, after the country's independence. The majority of the population is mixed (40.5%), but considering only the largest descent, Maracatibe is composed of Guará-Kwatibs (31.5%), Jungastians (26.2%), Banguizos (10.9%), Agranian (10.1%), Negrinos (8.5%), (7.0%), Vallisian (1.5%), Choson-gal (1.0%),  (1.0%),  (0.2%),  (0.1%), Others (2.0%)

Languages
is spoken by 95.6% of the population, followed by Guará-Kwatib, spoken by 40.6% of the population. Other relevant native languages ​​are Lakitpi and Oto-oto, spoken respectively by 2.5 and 0.1% of the population. 1.8% of the population speak Agranian, and 0.3% speak Vallisian.

Guará-Kwatib is a language derived from the mixture of all the Guarás, Kwatibe and Banguis dialects, together with the incorporation of Portuguese words. It is mandatory learning in schools in some states.

Religion
96.6% of the population follows some religion. The Maracatibean Christian Church (PT: Igreja Cristã Maracatibenha) is the largest in the country, having 43.5% of the population following. Christians from other denominations make up 19.5% of the population. 31.1% follow traditional Guará-Kwatib religions, grouped in the Guarakapan Cult. Other religions account for 2.5% of the population.

Guarakapan is a deity that gave rise to all the Guará-Kwatib peoples. With colonization, there was religious syncretism, with various aspects of Christianity being incorporated into the Guarakapan Cult. Even so, it cannot be considered a Christian denomination, as it worships secondary deities, while the Christ is only one of those deities. It has strong pantheistic and animistic marks. As the Guarakapan Cult is not unified, the level of "Christianization" varies from one school to another. ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

Government and Politics
In Maracatibe, the fundamental law is the Constitution, dated 1982, all other laws must respect it. The constitution has undergone some revisions. The Constitution provides for referenda of popular consultation, the most recent examples of which were the Weapons Prohibition Law (2011 - not approved) and the Marijuana Legalization Law (2019 - approved but not yet implemented).

Maracatibe adopts the, and is a , with the head of state and government being called president. The national legislature is called the National Congress, and it is bicameral, with the General Assembly, with 501 deputies (lower house) and the Federal Senate, with 51 senators (upper house) representing the population (by proportional representation) and the provinces, respectively. (each province has 3 senators). The vice president of Maracatibe is appointed by the president from among the 51 elected senators, needs Senate approval and accumulates the function of president of the Federal Senate.

Federal government
The President of the Republic is elected by for a term of 4 years, with the right to one re-election. To apply for this position, the canditate must be a born citizen and be over 35 years old. Senators are elected for an 8-year term, and have the same requirements as president, but entitled to any number of reelections. The deputies are chosen for 4 years, by the proportional vote of open list, and they only need to be over 21 years old and have citizenship. There is a strong movement in favor of or.

The president is responsible for the supreme command of the armed forces, formal representation of the Maracatibean State abroad and in international relations, to appoint and dismiss ministers and make decrees. He can be dismissed through the process, which requires 2/3 approval from both chambers. However, for a process to be opened, the president of the Senate and the president of the Assembly must agree, which is highly criticized, since the president of the Senate is appointed by the President of the Republic, making it difficult to open the process. Congress must oversee the president and his ministers, draft, discuss and vote laws, vote and discuss the budget sent by the government and revoke presidential decrees (including appointment of ministers and presidents of state-owned companies).

Judiciary
Courts administer justice on behalf of the people, defending citizens' rights and interests, preventing the violation of democratic legality and mediating conflicts of interest that occur between different entities. The Supreme Court is the highest court in Maracatibe, and judges issues related to the constitution. The last instance of common justice is the Superior Court of Justice. In addition to these, there are the Regional Courts (second instance), Common Courts (first instance) and the Court of Auditors. The Supreme Court is made up of 9 ministers appointed by the president and approved by the congress.

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Economy
The country has a mixed capitalist economy with vast natural resources. Its GDP (PPP) per capita in 2020 was over 20 thousand dollars. Active in sectors such as mining, manufacturing, agriculture and services, Maracatibe has a workforce of more than 37 million people. It is a country of late industrialization, but it has a large industrial park. The main industrialized export products are automobiles, fabrics, shoes, household appliances, steel and aircraft. In addition, Maracatibe is also a major exporter of commodities, mainly of tropical fruits, coffee, cotton, sugar cane, rice, iron ore, oil, gold, beef, diamond and emerald.

Agribusiness
Agribusiness represents 20% of the gross domestic product and employs 10% of the economically active population, standing out for its high mechanization and productivity, although family farming is also strong, mainly targeting the domestic market. It is a major exporter of beef, being one of the few countries in the world with more cattle than people.

Industry
The industry is concentrated in large metropolitan regions, such as São Pedro, Serra da Esmeralda, Barra Vermelha, Papagaiópolis, Salgado and Lunkwani. The main sectors are fabrics and clothing, vehicles (including automobiles, auto parts, boats and aircraft) and appliances, steel and electronics.

Tourism
Attracted by its paradisiacal tropical islands, its exuberant beaches and dense tropical forests, millions of tourists go to Maracatibe annually, which contributes to almost 4.5% of the Gross Domestic Product.

Culture
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