Foreign relations of Tiperyn

The Holy Realm of Tiperyn maintains diplomatic relations with most nations in Anterra - with the sole exception of Airgialla - and is a founding member of the intergovernmental organization, trade bloc and cooperative security pact the North-South Concordant. A former, Tiperyn's relative power has decreased since the end of the colonial age. Tiperyn could be considered a, able to project its power globally via military and economic means, as well as by being the birthplace of - a major  in global trade. However, some scholars consider Tiperyn to be a or  due to the erosion of its overseas empire and its limited  when compared to the democratic nations of the League of Free Nations or the communist Teutonenland.

Institutions of foreign policy
Various institutions within the Holy Tiperyn Realm perform duties in Tiperyn's foreign policy formulation and implementation. The Empress of the Holy Realm - currently Empress Aletta I - acts as the and  of Tiperyn and is generally regarded as the arbiter of its foreign policy. The degree of the royal family's control over Tiperyn's foreign policy outlook and direction varies depending on the values of the Empress, and her priorities guide her Cabinet of Cardinals in its formulation and implementation.

Practically speaking, the Cabinet of Cardinals is the primary foreign policy formulation and execution body. The council consists of 8 cardinals in charge of a ministry and a leading Archcardinal. The Archcardinal is the head of the council and the second highest ranking religious official in Tiperyn after the Empress. This position coordinates the efforts of the various ministries in the implementation of foreign policy. The Cardinal of Diplomacy oversees the Ministry of Diplomacy and is Tiperyn's chief diplomat, charged with conducting high level negotiations with other states and maintaining Tiperyn's system of overseas embassies and consulates.

Meanwhile, the Cardinal of War oversess the Ministry of the Sword which forms the royal leadership of Realm Guard units and individual duchy-level militias. The Cardinal of the Fleet is a military official who oversees the Admiralty Board and translates cabinet directives to the Realm Armada. The Cardinal of the Air Service performs the same duties, but for the Realm Air Service. Of the three military-oriented Cardinals, the Cardinal of the Fleet is the most consequential when it comes to foreign policy. Although Air Service and Realm Guard arms operate overseas, the Realm Armada is the Tiperyn Realm Defence's primary expeditionary arm. Thus, it is the most heavily involved in foreign conflicts, humanitarian efforts and military exercises.

The remaining ministries often cooperate with foreign powers on specific projects, although their main directives do not strictly involve foreign policy. For example, the Ministry of Fertility, which is focused on Tiperyn's agricultural capacity and industry, is involved in several agricultural initiatives and research and development projects with other North-South Concordant member states.

Colonial empire
During the colonial era, Tiperyn controlled dominions or colonies in what are now five modern countries: Naseristan, Sindhustan, Koryeo, Brigantica and Kodeshia. At its peak, Tiperyn held territory in all four continents.

Kesh
In Kesh, the Holy Realm generally took a hands-off approach to governance, relying on the presence of its military at key installations and the loyalty of its local proxies to maintain control of its holdings. In Sindhustan, Tiperyn acquired three major port cities from Agrana y Griegro as part of a treaty, maintaining them as centers of trade in and around the Sonasindhu River Valley from 1770 to 1920 after losing control of them during the Grand Campaigns. The largest of the cities were Ciudad de Hindustan, Castillo de los Rios and Ciudad de Leon. The same year, a Tiperyn spread thin by the Grand Campaigns lost its holdings on the Yuhai Islands in modern Kodeshia which it had governed since 1720. However, Tiperyn's most successful settlement in Kesh was dominion in northern Naseristan. Tiperyn explorers first landed at the mouth of the Naser River in 1400 - only 55 years after the formation of the Tiperyn Realm and 140 years before the union of the monarchy and the church. The crown's representatives made contact with the local Naseri population and exchanged local knowledge and nominal control over several port towns for protection from its Mihrani rivals to the south. Over the course of two centuries, Tiperyn's control over the northern coast of Naseristan solidified. By 1550, Tiperyn was fully engaged in a conflict between the Naseris and Mihranis, supporting the former in protecting the northern coastline and raiding Mihrani settlements. On 22 October 1732, Naseristan gained full dominion status. This differentiated it from other Tiperyn colonies. Although Tiperyn ruled through proxies in most of its other colonies, as a dominion, Naseristan was given limited autonomy in self-governance. This was partially due to Naseristan's strategic location on the Eurybian Sea, as well as the status of the prosperous Naseri people. Even so, Tiperyn maintained exclusive control over several port cities.

Tiperyn maintained ownership over Naseristan into the 20th century, and waged the Grand Campaigns in Kesh primarily from Naseristan. It fought the Caliphate, pushing south and east before sewing for peace in 1925 following a prolonged stalemate. Tiperyn gained the entirety of what is now modern-day Naseristan in the treaty with the Caliphate. However, with its military drained from a decade of war, it could not maintain practical control over the southern Mihrani-populated regions. Rather than attempt to reconquer a hostile region, Tiperyn consolidated its power in northern Naseristan. The crown began to diminish the power of Naseristan's semi-autonomous dominion government, deploy nearly 12,000 troops in population centers and exploit the area's rich mineral and fossil fuel resources. In the late 1930s, a newly established Shia nationalist state had established itself and gained de facto control over southern Naseristan. Tiperyn entered into secret talks with the Yazidis who occupied the peninsula of Zagros in what is now northern Asharistan. During these talks, Tiperyn promised that it would eventually go to war with the Shiites and aid the Yazidis gain control over Asharistan so Tiperyn could regain control over the entirety of Naseristan. This plan was executed in the late 1940s, when Tiperyn, the Naseris and the Yazidis initiated a campaign against the Shiites in what would become known as the Great Kesh War. Although Tiperyn quickly gained control over Naseristan's central desert, it became bogged down in the region's southern mountain ranges. The conflict would last from 1948 to 1959. Tiperyn was again left militarily drained. Although the Shiites were defeated and Tiperyn now maintained tenuous control over Naseristan, continued resistance from southern Mihranis and civil unrest amongst Naseris in the north would result in the dominion's failure. In 1965, Tiperyn granted Naseristan its independence on the conditions that Tiperyn be allowed to maintain military forces in Naseristan, Tiperyn companies be allowed to continue to extract resources from Naseristan, and Naseristan join the North-South Defence Consortium - a trade bloc and predecessor to the North-South Concordant. Naseristan was the latest colony or dominion to gain independence from the Holy Realm.

Avalonia
In Avalonia, Tiperyn controlled territory in what is now Brigantica and Koryeo, still maintaining a lease on the port city of Chimchag City in the latter to this day. The first Tiperyn vessel to reach Avalonia was the Venture in 1541, landing in what is now the Brigantica state of Anderin and founding a colony at Charlestowne. Encountering hostile Algonquin natives and an indigenous Goidelic population, the Tiperyn government sent military detachments and royal envoys to the area to stake its claim. Tiperyn expanded throughout the area, ultimately using its holdings in Brigantica as a source of lumber, animal hides and exotic foods. Additionally, as the colony of Anderin was seen as one of Tiperyn's least desirable holdings due to it being undeveloped and having a harsh climate, Tiperyn used it as a penal colony for criminals and dissidents. Due to this fact, Tiperyn held greater control over the affairs of Anderin than most of its other colonies, suppressing local opposition to crown rule and conscripting colonists to war with the Vallisian colony of Laurentia and indigenous groups. Ultimately, Anderin declared independence on 17 June 1675. After a prolonged conflict, Tiperyn ultimately conceded Anderin to the Free Colonial Government in 1701. Likewise, Laurentia gained full independence from Vallis two years later in 1703.

Tiperyn discovered what now constitute the state of Koryeo in 1780, making landfall in what would soon become the colony of Kaya on its southern coast. Tiperyn settlers were surprised to find an indigenous population that resembled East Keshan civilizations. At the time, it was hypothesized that they were a lost civilization, likely travelling by sea from Kodeshia or Guurdalai and developing their own tongue. Tiperyn founded Kaya in 1782, but governed through the use of a local council of land owners and Tiperyn aristocrats. Although Tiperyn still desired to maintain its empire and beat out its rivals for dominance in global affairs, its appetite for colonization and aggressive expansion had waned by the turn of the 19th century. Tiperyn controlled Kaya until 1820 before peacefully transferred the majority of the colony to Koryeo. However, Tiperyn still leases Chimchag City and maintains a cordial relationship with Koryeo - also a North-South Concordant member.

Hyberia
Following Tiperyn's expeditions of southern Avalonia in the late 18th century, explorers had set out further south in an attempt to reach the south pole. However, in 1809, Tiperyn sailors landed at Eureka point - close to the northern-most land in the continent of Hyberia. The land was arable due to its latitude, but uninhabited. The Tiperyn Realm Defence has maintained Naval Air Station Eureka since 1932, where it currently garrisons 600 active personnel and maintains four subpens and a naval air strip. Tiperyn never maintained a large civilian population until 1966 when it announced its first scientific mission to Eureka based from the naval air station. Such science missions occur on a rotational basis every three years. Eureka remains Tiperyn's last overseas dominion.

Koryeo
Koryeo has been one of Tiperyn's closest allies since the end of Tiperyn rule over the southern Koryeo province of Kaya and the beginning of the Chimchag City lease in the early 19th century. Tiperyn and Koryeo were two of the founding members of the Crown Alliance in 1896. The alliance composed initially of Tiperyn, Koryeo and Agrana y Griegro - three autocratic states that had been steadfast trading partners and military allies throughout the 19th century. The alliance would expand in power rapidly during the Grand Campaigns, where it fought against Teutonia and the pro-democratic alliance and incited the rise of the communist state of Teutonenland. In 1933, Tiperyn and Koryeo founded the North-South Defence Consortium - a consortium of defense contractors and manufacturers that precipitated the formation of a common defense market. Today, Tiperyn and Koryeo are leading members of the North-South Concordant, which was founded in 2001.

Today, Koryeo is one of two countries in the world where Tiperyn has limited visa controls. Although Koryeo citizens are technically issued entrance visas with a maximum stay limit of six consecutive months, a provision for three months of study, but no working rights, all passport holding Koryeo citizens are automatically granted this visa when checking in at the ticket offices of partner international airlines or when going through customs. Additionally, Koryeo citizens are automatically granted access when crossing into Chimchag City - an economic center in southern Koryeo leased by the Tiperyn government. Further, the Koryeo people are one of the few ethnic groups to have within Tiperyn cities, known as Koryostêden or Koryeo Towns.

Tiperyn and Koryeo markets are heavily integrated and the two are major trade partners. The two governments often participate in co-development programs, with one of the most prolific examples being the Belmont 65 airliner program. Further, Tiperyn and Koryeo military standards are similar in some areas. For example, the two states use the same military cartridges and field the same air superiority fighters and helicopter gunships for example. The two states conduct regular cooperative security exercises on land, air and sea. Tiperyn has allowed the deployment of Koryeo peacekeepers to the Naseri province of Amedi to protect Mihrani refugees in the area despite the objections of fellow Concordant members Naseristan and Asharistan.