Maracatibe

Maracatibe (pronounced in : ) officially, Sovereign Community of Maracatibe (in Jungastian: Comunidade Soberana do Maracatibe; in : Mbarakatyba Suberã Abatyba) is a, more specifically a , in southern Avalonia. It shares land borders with Zahava to the south, Albaterra to the west and sea border with Theyka to the north. It is limited to the north and east by the Iapetus Ocean. Maracatibe has a population of approximately 80.8 million, and covers​​1,380,400 km², making it the world's 9th largest country. Salgado is the capital, but its largest city is São Pedro, located on the north coast, with almost 4 million inhabitants. Maracatibe is organized as a federation comprising 21 provinces and Salgado District.

Maracatibe is a former of Jungastia. Before colonization, its territory was a patchwork of hundreds of tribes and states with different languages ​​and dialects. Colonization began in the 16th century, with the establishment of small ports to facilitate access to Albaterra. Friction with native states became inevitable, and Jungastian colonization was consolidated in the following century. Maracatibe formally declared its in 1907, the year in which a war broke out, guided by the ideals of a movement led by Father Justiniano Salgado, who was killed months before. Its democracy is recent, proceeding from the 1982 Constitution. Before that period, Maracatibe suffered a military dictatorship and previously a socialist dictatorship. In addition, throughout the military dictatorship and a few years after the re-democratization, the Maracatibean Conflict took place, whose consequences are still felt.

Due to the being predominant, Maracatibe has landscapes marked by lush  and paradisiacal islands near its coast, which attract millions of  every year. Its forests have a huge, one of the highest in the world. In the southwest, there is a higher relief, where Mount of Lança Negra is located, the highest point in the country, with 3,450 m of altitude. The north of the country is located on the edge of the Avalonia plate with the Brigantic plate, which, due to their convergent movements, cause a tectonic instability that has already caused very deadly earthquakes throughout its documented history. The country has 7 active, most of which are on islands off the north coast. ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

Etimology
The word Maracatibe comes from the Mbarakatyba, a word derived from the agglutination of the words Mbaraká (or Maracá), which is a traditional rattle of the Kwaba culture, and Tyba, which means settlement. Therefore, Maracatibe means something like "noisy/busy settlement", and it was probably the name with which the natives of the interior called the great cities of the Kwaba people.

The Kwaba and Bangui named their land Obibiguaçu (meaning great green land), but it referred to the entire continental portion, and not just Maracatibe.

Prehistory
As it is almost a consensus among,  appeared in Southern Avalonia, and for that reason the inhabitants of Maracatibe originated from migratory waves coming from south, and Maracatibe was one of the oldest land to be occupied. The human presence in the territory today corresponding to Maracatibe dates from 80 to 30 thousand years B.C. The first peoples that inhabited Maracatibe were divided into two groups: the coastal peoples and the hunter and gatherer peoples.

The hunters and gatherers probably arrived from the west, with some theories saying that they may be peoples originating from the first migratory waves of where the humans originated, in somewhere of southern Avalonia. They arrived where Albaterra is today, and following the rivers of the Moriquê Basin, they inhabited the entire territory of modern Maracatibe, at least 30 thousand years ago.

inhabited caves and the forest, used bows and arrows, boleade and boomerangs made of stone. They fed on game meat of small animals, fish, molluscs and fruits. There are currently records of these peoples in all regions of the country, and they are more common in the southeast, where rock art is found that portrayed daily life, war, dance and hunting.

The coastal peoples probably came from the islands of Theyka, since their evidence leads to a trail from the north of the country to the southwest. They were people who have returned from the occupation of northern Avalonia. These peoples basically ate seafood, but they were also collectors, although they were not nomadic, living in fixed communities along the entire northeast and southeast coast. The discarded shells with which they obtained the mollusks were piled up and thus were used for the construction of houses and for the burial of bodies. These are important vestiges of this people.

In 4,500 years BC, the first traces of agriculture are dated in the northeast. Agriculture, focused on cassava, was probably dominated by both peoples in the northeast (hunter-gatherers and coastal peoples) and caused the sedentary lifestyle of hunter and gatherer peoples. The farming peoples lived in huts or underground houses, and soon they mastered the art of ceramics.

Bangui and Kwaba people




on the east coast has generated a large population increase in this region, as well as migratory waves back inland. In the northeast, the Kwaba culture, descended from, prevailed. As they were semi-nomads, they made several migrations back to the southwest, consolidating the Kwaba culture throughout the territory. In the southeast, the Bangui, descendants of the coastal peoples, prevailed. On the north coast, the Guaray, descendants of the coastal peoples, continued to prevail.

The first traces of date from around 4 thousand years BC, a few centuries after agriculture. The first to develop writing were the Bangui, were the glyphs of the Bangui script, found on southwestern cave walls and in proto-temples. The Kwaba continued their primitive symbol system for another three centuries, until the creation of the Kwaba glyphs, which would be limited to the northeastern Kwaba civilization.

The Kwaba and Bangui lived in villages with normally between five hundred and six hundred people, who lived in large collective huts, whose wooden structure was covered with palm leaves. In the Bangui society, there was a great cult of women. The older women in the village were thought to be the wisest, and were responsible for the education of the children. Many were a, with no centralized power, as important village issues were discussed and decided by elderly men and women in the ma'oka (tent that was in the central part of the village).

The division of labor was made according to sex and age. Women, in addition to domestic chores, were engaged in agriculture and collection and collaborated in fishing. They were in charge of the preparation of kawin (in Kwaba villages) - cassava-based alcoholic drink - and of many craft activities, such as weaving nets, braiding baskets, making rugs, etc.

In addition to clearing the forest and preparing the land for planting, men were involved in hunting, fishing and the manufacture of canoes, also with weapons and work tools. They were to erect the houses, defend the village, take part in the war and execute the prisoners. In the Kwaba culture, it was also the men who exercised the role of healers.

Children helped their parents with some activities and performed tasks corresponding to their age, such as taking care of younger siblings or scaring off birds from the plantations in the period before the harvest.

Cannibalism and conflicts
Some Kwaba tribes had anthropophagic rituals, in which warriors from Banguis or other tribes were captured, passed through a rite until they were executed and eaten, as a way of blessing the warriors of the tribe itself. The Bangui, on the other hand, were never cannibals, as their religion considered human flesh unclean to other humans, and their ingestion could cause a perpetual curse.

Due to the fact that many of the Kwabas tribes practice these anthropophagic rituals, the Bangui came to believe that all Kwaba were cursed, and with this, several conflicts occurred to prevent them from approaching the area inhabited by the Bangui, in order to prevent the  forest is infested with demons.

Kwaba City-states


By the 12th century BC, a northeastern tribe had become the first city-state among the Kwaba people. The development of the city took place in a peculiar way, as it consisted of bringing together several villages with around a large pyramidal temple, the Ananara Temple, dedicated to the god Ananara, of fertility, and protective mutuxás (spirits of the forest). Previously, the Kwabas had already built small pyramids, which served as mausoleums, temples and markings. These pyramids, called tatatés, were close to the villages, in the middle of the forest. However, the pyramid of Ananara was much larger than the tatatés, and it took decades for its construction. The pyramid consisted of three stacked pyramid trunks, with a flat top, where a house was. It had four external access stairs and only its top had some form of previous access.



Ananarataba (literally Ananara village) then became the first pre-Maracatibean city-state. Ananarataba had, around the year of completion of the great pyramid, 12 thousand inhabitants (equivalent to approximately 24 common villages). The city was surrounded by a circular wooden wall with 8 observation towers at its 4 entrances. Outside the city, there was an area dedicated to agriculture. There was a central square and a cupular building called iandokoka, which would bring together the naurus (military), shamans (priests and healers) and the morubixaba (chief of the tribe).

Ananarataba withstood many invasions from other tribes well, and served as an inspiration for other Kwaba to create cities instead of scattered villages. In addition, around the 8th century BC, Ananarataba became overpopulated, which caused Ananaratabans to move to other cities and towns. At its peak, it had 20 thousand inhabitants, and had a great influence on the nearby tribes.

The rise of cities, however, was restricted to the northeast of the country, as the Kwaba from other regions continued to live in small villages. While the Kwabas in cities had already written, in addition to a high technological knowledge for the time, the Kwabas of the west continued to live in a primitive way.

The city-states, of which Ananataba, Indaiataba, Kwatiba, Uyakutaba, Okataba, Tupanataba and Guaranataba were the most important, were independent from each other, although Ananataba was the most influential city for a long time. There were joint rituals, such as the year-end ritual, in which several priests from the various cities and towns went to the Ananara temple, in Ananarataba, to hold the Ananara festival, with the aim of obtaining good harvest and good fishing in the following year.

Bangui Kingdom
The Bangui Kingdom was founded around the 4th century BC, in the southeast of Maracatibe. The Bangui were divided into several clans, with several clans controlling a number of villages. The Eyatzau clan was the most northerly, and was very close to the Kwaba city-states. Therefore, several conflicts occurred in that region, since the Eyatzau coordinated looting over the Kwaba villages to prevent them from advancing south. Despite not having developed cities like the Kwabas, the Eyatzau clan was also the one with the most villages and population among the Bangui clans, in addition to having the best economy. Unlike the other Bangui, who were a mix of gerontocrats and matriarchs, the Eyatzay clan was centered on the figure of the mauta (king), who was the descendant of the oldest family in the clan.



In order to increase his power, Eyatzay's mauta, Onyakapoeny III, started the Onyakoeponics Campaigns, which consisted of a series of invasions of other Bangui tribes. Although they lasted a long time (more than 10 years), wars were successful for the Eyatzay, who had more experience, a better economy, a more trained army and better weapons (the other Bangui did not even have metal weapons, for example). At the end of the 700 BC, the southeast of Maracatibe was unified in a single kingdom, the Bangui Kingdom.

The Bangui Kingdom was divided into provinces (twegzaplats), led by a specific family of the Eyatzay clan. It had a unique code of laws, the Onyakaponic code.

Under the government of Onyakapoeny V (291 BC), the Bangui had their initial golden era, with the development of cities, population growth and increased trade with people from the south (Zahava). Unlike the Kwabas, the Bangui had navies, which were useful for the occupation of the southeast coast and for trade with Zahavian peoples.

Graunaí War (291-240 BC)
Onyakapoeny V also had expansionist ideas, and wanted to conquer the north (populated by Kwabas). That is why, since he took office, he has worked to strengthen the Bangui army, through heavy investment in training soldiers and increasing military numbers. The efforts were useful to obtain successive victories over the Kwabas south of the Morikê River. An important milestone was the conquest of Ananarataba, which was completely destroyed by the Bangui, with its entire surviving population becoming slaves.

The war would last for more than 40 decades, with many intervals of peace, and during that time, the Bangui would assimilate the knowledge of the Kwabas and even started building their own pyramids, the Bangui Pyramids. On the enemy side, the surviving city-states consolidated their alliance led by Indaiataba, and assembled an army that would be superior to the Bangui. Onyakoeponic Dinasty would die thanks to the powerful army of the Kwaba alliance, and also thanks to the betrayal of the southern families, who broke with the Eyatzay clan in order not to be dominated by the Kwaba.

Foundation of the Indaiataba Empire (211 BC)
Indaiataba was already the largest and richest city before the war, surpassing Ananarataba. Under the government of Jucá IV, Indaiataba built a large pyramid complex in the 3rd century BC, which included the Great Pyramid of Iandetupan, which would become the largest structure ever built by mankind, maintaining this title for decades.

Indaiataba gained even more prestige after leading the victory of the Kwabas in the Graunaí War. For this reason, most of the spoils of war and taxes levied on the Slave State of Nothern Bangui (a buffer tributary state, separating the Kwaba city-states from the southern clans of Bangui). He also created the Morikê Treaty, which established a unified army of Kwaba cities, maintained by contributions from all members, but most of these contributions were used only in Indaiataba. This led to the city of Guaranataba to break with Indaiataba and start a civil war against the hegemony of Indaiataba. This campaign failed, and after a few months of conflict, Indaiataba crushed the residence of the other cities and unified the Kwabas of the northeast once and for all, founding the Indaiataba Empire.

Indaiataba empire society was formed by:
 * Iandemorubixaba: emperor by right of the gods
 * Iandepajés: members of a special council, who assisted the emperor in military, religious and economic matters.  At first their function was purely priestly, but they assumed the other functions because they were intensely dedicated to studies in several other areas.
 * Pajés and Ikwas: the former were common religious leaders, and the latter were great scholars in the fields of medicine, mathematics, astronomy and philosophy, they also assumed secondary functions in governance.
 * Naurús (warriors): The naurús were dedicated to military activities.  They received intense training since the age of 4 (many died during training, such was the rigidity)
 * Takwais: traders and landowners.  There was an internal hierarchy, since its members could be small traders and also owners of vast agricultural units that owned several slaves and servants
 * Free workers
 * Slaves: obtained by capture, conquest in wars, purchase or debt.

The Kwaba civilization, mainly under Indaiataba Empire, was very advanced for its time, having numerous important contributions in mathematics (mainly in geometry), in medicine (with the discovery of various medicinal plants and treatments) and in astronomy.

Decline of Indaiataba
The high taxes on cities other than Indaiataba caused a high level of dissatisfaction among residents of these locations. Added to this is the fact that Kwaba domination in the north of the Bangui lands was not accepted peacefully, and countless revolts by that ethnic group took place between the 3rd century BC and the 1st century AD. Bangui slaves or a conflict of Bangui inhabitants with Empire tax collectors. Uprisings in the Kwaba cities themselves were also common, and each time they happened, the city was more oppressed as a form of punishment.

Despite destabilizing the Empire, internal revolts were localized, and so they were unable to overthrow it, but everything changed in the second century after Christ, when Emperor Kwaba Tibiraxuba IV wanted to raise the taxes of peasants charged to other city-states and  also increase the hours worked by the Bangui servants. This would result in a conspiracy by General Oytaxa, from Guaranataba, who joined merchants, priests and leaders of the nobility of the other state cities, to free themselves from the bonds of Indaiataba. The revolt was well planned, and ended with the death of Emperor Tibiraxuba IV. The Kwaba cities then returned to being independent from each other, and the northeast was again a patchwork of sovereign kingdoms. Indaiataba was looted as a form of reparation for tax slavery, and the Slave State of Bangui came under collective control of the Kwaba kingdoms.

The war, however, was long and costly, as Indaiataba was the largest, most populous and richest city in the Empire and controlled most of the army. Not all cities allied with the rebels, as many cities were the daughter cities of Indaiataba, and were located alongside the Empire. So it took 25 years to bring down the Empire, between AD 196 and 221.

The cost of the war was enormous, the cities were severely damaged and dependent on tax remittances sent from the Slave State of Bangui, since looting from Indaiataba was not enough. The Kwaba kingdoms then began to raise taxes on their Bangui colonies and increase the presence of states. This led to several Banguis revolts inside and outside the Slave State, as the southern clans knew that the Kwaba aspired to their territory. To contribute to instability, wars between the kingdoms themselves took place due to territorial disputes and succession disputes over the throne.

Taking advantage of this situation, the Bangui Teniakoe clan, led by Teniakopon X, joined the other southern Bangui clans to conquer the vassal state of the Kwaba in the north. In this way, soldiers and supplies were sent to help the Bangui break free, and the Kwaba had to stop their internal wars and unite again to defeat the Bangui. The Teniakoe were far superior to the Kwaba, as they did not have to deal with revolts in the past two centuries. After a year of intense fighting, all the Kwaba warlords had succumbed to the power of Teniakoepon X.

Tenikaoeonic Dynasty (Bangui)
In exchange for their lives, Kwaba leaders offered all their wealth, jewelry, etc. But that was not enough, and Teniakoepon X ordered the enslavement of all Morubixabas, Pajés, Ikwas and Naurús (upper classes of Kwaba society). On the other hand, free workers were given status similar to the Bangui, and this gave the Teniakoeponic Empire initial stability. During the rule of its first 10 emperors (225-364), the Teniakoeponic Empire experienced great prosperity, with cities growing, receiving great works like temples, pyramids and statues of the Bangui imperaodores. However, after Teniakoepon XX, the stability of the Empire was undermined by the greed of its nobility, which started to increase the segregation of the Kwaba, charging more taxes and confiscating elite jewelry.

The collection of taxes and other fees often led to debt slavery on the Kwaba. The cultural and religious factor were added to the tax factor. The Kwaba always had to pay high fees to practice their own religion, but this was made even worse, as the Imperial government began to ban the construction of new Kwaba temples, and to promote conversion to the Bangui religion. Many existing temples were uncharacterized, even the Great Pyramid of Iandetupan, which had all of its paintings removed. Statues of Bangui gods began to be placed in the Kwaba city, and the Kwaba language became neglected, with the Empire prioritizing the use of the Bangui language.

The Kwaba elite, supported by ordinary people, then set up a revolution in 417, the reason for which was the creation of Code XXVII, written by Teniakopon XXVII, which increased all the things that bothered the Kwaba (segregation, taxes, cultural genocide). Urubixa, the slave leader of the revolt (whose existence is controversial due to the lack of details) managed to lead the Kwaba people to free themselves from the Bangui, after 4 years of Civil War.

Second Kwaba Empire
The Bangui people were condemned to live under the Second Kwaba Empire. The Kwabas' dominance over the Bangui was more oppressive than the Teniakoeponic government, with the policy of cultural genocide beginning with the Empire. By the letter from Oxaboraba, in 431, the Bangui were given Kwaba names, in addition to their local names. Two years later, the teaching and writing of the Bangui language was prohibited, which caused a great revolt (433-434), which was won by the Kwaba. The imperial government also removed all Bangui scriptures and all statues of its emperors and temple deities in the country. These artifacts were mostly destroyed, but some were preserved buried. It is also known that many of the Bangui had these hidden artifacts. In 456, only could be constructed buildings with the Kwaba architectural style or the syncretic architectural style. In 461, the construction of new Bangui temples was banned, and the existing temples were totally uncharacterized even inside. After a revolt in 467-470, Emperor Urubixa VII establishes the Iandetupan Law, which can be summed up in "an empire, a language and a belief", in this way, the Bangui religion became banned, as well as the language. The education of the Bangui was monopolized by the state, which taught only Kwaba and the Kwaba religion, in addition to preaching that the Bangui were a race of the devil and that they should therefore disconnect from the past. Many who still used the Bangui language were enslaved. This generated great instability within the Empire, and there were more than 30 major rebellions between 470 and 616.

The Second Kwaba Empire made great expansions to the west, but it started to decline around 600, when the revolts got stronger, and corruption, economic problems and invasions of other tribes on the border deteriorated the situation of the Empire every day. The Second Kwaba Empire was disintegrated in several kingdoms in 616, all ruled by ethnic Kwabas families, after the death of Motaxuba II, because his son was unable to manage the empire and meet the noble, the military, Bangui and common people demands. The new kingdoms were led by noble families, generals and priests.

Even though their culture was massacred by the Kwaba, the Bangui still had an independent feeling, and between 620 and 679, a series of revolts in the southern Kwaba kingdoms would lead to the establishment of Bangui states (although they no longer speak Bangui, which was already an almost language). extinct).  It is important to note that these states were not established to restore the ancient Bangui civilization, but to have a nation ruled by its own ethnicity, and not by royal families from the north.  Even so, in the following centuries, there were attempts by the Bangui kingdoms to restore their own culture, which was most evident in architecture.  The Bangui religion has undergone changes, but has maintained several characteristics of the religion imposed by the Kwaba.  The Bangui tried to return to the almost lost original language, and when they were unsuccessful, they forced accents and neologisms to create a new language.  Bangui-Novo was a very different language from Bangui, as it consisted of Kwaba words + ancient Bangui words + different neologisms and accents.

Even today, the difference between the Guará-Kwaba spoken by the Bangui in the southeast and by the Kwaba in the northeast is noticeable, both in speech and in writing, and this is one of the reasons why Portuguese is still the national language, widely used at work.

Middle Age
The Bangui liberation war was the last major Bangui-Kwaba war before the arrival of the Jungastians, and the most important later events involved other peoples, such as the Xataxes, the Betazaravas, the Cayas, the Taraonydians, the Matorés and others. That is why the end of the Kwaba Empire marks the end of the Ancient Maracatibean Age, according to most historians.

Xataxe Empire
Between the 4th and 5th century, the Guaray people arrived in Maracatibe, a tribe of nomads probably from Albaterra. It is known that during their arrival, the Guaray abandoned nomadism, stopping where today is the province of Pioca, which at the time was the western borders of the lands of the Kwaba people.

The Guaray had villages with a population ranging from one thousand to two thousand people, and they dominated the art of ceramics. The Guaray people brought cocoa to the Maracatibean lands, from where they made xocolá, a drink that would influence modern chocolate. The Guaray people decimated a good part of the people that already inhabited the north coast, making survivors slaves. The flight of these tribes to the east caused a series of invasions of Kwaba cities, which helped at the end of the Empire.

At the end of the 6th century, the majority of the Guaray were unified in two great empires, the Guaray Empire and the Xataxe Empire. In the west of the country, where today it is Albaterra, the Guaray's remained fragmented.

In 781, the Emperor of Guaray, Guatascamán initiated a series of exchanges with the Kwaba people, selling their ceramics and obtaining fabrics and architectural knowledge from the Kwaba. Even before that, the Guaray developed their religion based on the Kwaba religion, with the same deities and spirits of the forest, but with proper names. The Guaray pyramids started to be built around the following century, starting in Xataxe.

The Xataxe Empire was made up of 5 major cities and several vassal lands, with the objective of protection. The government was a monarchy, but the post of emperor was not hereditary. In order to be emperor, the candidate should have been born on a rainy day, and during topaniki (consisting of bathing the baby on the top of a pyramidal temple), there should be more than 2 thunders during singing. If this happened, the baby should receive special treatment until he was 14 years old, when, if he were the only one to be born in these conditions, he would receive the title of prince. If there were more than two competitors, they would participate in a series of tests, in which many died. The last ritual is anthropophagy, in which when an emperor dies, he is devoured by his successor.

The Xataxis had more than half of their population as slaves, and this helped to maintain large agricultural production, and contributed to high-class subjects being engaged in intellectual activities and the army. That is why they were excellent soldiers, and while the Kwaba and Bangui were stagnant, the Xataxe had great technological advances, like a spinning wheel in the seventh century.

Around the 10th century, a huge earthquake, accompanied by tsunamis and volcanic eruptions, hit the peoples of the north. The Kwaba had several damaged cities, but the empire most affected was the Xataxe Empire. The Xataxe island colonies were decimated, as volcanic eruptions spread a deadly cloud of rocks, ash and smoke at a height of more than tens of kilometers. The earthquakes caused several houses and temples to collapse, where thousands of people died.

The great death caused the end of the Xataxe Empire, since they became extremely weak, and were plagued by slave revolts and also by the subsequent conquest by the Jucaian Dynasty.

Jucaian Dynasty
Jucaian Dynasty was formed in the late 900s by Juca Naurú, the leader of one of the largest Kwaba tribes. Nauru claimed to have received a vision from the gods after eating a blessed pirarucu, and the vision said that the Kwaba should unify again. Juca led his city-state, Itanauru, for the unification of the Kwaba peoples. The wars lasted more than 30 years, and the new Kwaba Empire was renamed Jucaian Dynasty.

The Jucaians expanded westward in 998, taking over the weakened Xataxe Empire. The great disaster of the 9th century was called the Turiguaçu Intervention, because according to legend, to reinforce the sacred nature of the descendants of Juca, the fire god, Turiguaçu, launched eruptions against the Xataxe Empire, to support the Kwaba in a subsequent invasion.

The Jucaian expansions were stopped to the south by the Bangui, and to the west by the Taraonydian (Guaray tribes), where the Kwaba army was slaughtered by underestimated Guaray warriors. After the wars, a period of peace and prosperity began, although guaranteed by the presence of Kwaba troops in other peoples' territories. To protect themselves from the Taraonydians, who started to unify and expand considerably, the Kwaba built a series of fortifications in the forest, dozens of kilometers of walls.

This, however, was insufficient to stop the Taraonydians, who conquered the Jucaian Dynasty around 1213, establishing the largest pre-Maracatibean Empire, which extended from Indaiataba in modern Abatuba, to areas on the border with Albaterra.

Taraonydian Empire
The Taraonydian were Guaray peoples, as were the peoples of the Xataxe Empire. Governed by Ibirakuá, the Taraonydian Empire experienced its period of greatest expansion, conquering the other Guaray tribes until Albaterra. During the entire period of peace in Jucaian Dynasty, the Taraonydians led several expeditions to the interior (where the southwest of Maracatibe is currently located), conquering the peoples established there, forming large vassal lands that provided, in addition to wealth, slaves who fed the great  northern plantations. The expansions of the Taraonydians were the factors that made the Jucaians fortify their borders, but this was useless, as the skilled warriors of the Empire advanced priceless over the lands of the Kwaba, massacring their inhabitants and arriving in Indaiataba in 1213.

They came to conquer almost all modern Maracatibe territory, except the Bangui, as well as areas in Albaterra and the southern border. A system of laws, taxes and a single currency was in place during the Taraonydians' single century of existence. Its economy was based on the cultivation of rice and cassava. However, the Taraonydian never had a period of stability, always having to deal with slave revolts and struggles among the Empire's political elite. It was the internal power struggles between the Guaray that would weaken the Empire until it generated a civil war in 1302. This was one of the most enduring and bloody wars in ancient Maracatibe, lasting more than seventy years. During this period, the subjugated ethnicities and slaves took the opportunity to revolt, and year by year, the Taraonydians slowly saw their borders being reduced by the secession of peoples. In 1372, finally, the civil war ends, and the Empire is dissolved. The Ibani leader of the Topanaba tribe took over the name Taraonydia, and then a second Taraonydian Empire came into existence, although he never had the magnitude of his predecessor.

Last Kwaba Empire
The Kwaba would unify again from the Marajoaba kingdom in 1416, which began a series of expansions led by Sapoxaba until in 1523 they reached their peak. The New Kwaba Empire failed to conquer the Bangui in 1491, when they lost in the bloody battle of Papagaiatiba, where 10,000 Kwaba soldiers were slaughtered by only 2,000 Bangui soldiers and some peasants. Under Kurumira's leadership, in 1509 they began to ascend the Morikê River, conquering the Machapi Empire after a series of battles that lasted until 1541. Several revolts of the dominated peoples took place within the New Kwaba Empire, but nothing that threatened its existence.

In 1560, ten years before the arrival of the Jungastians, the Kwaba and Bangui faced each other for the penultimate time, but this time the Kwaba were massacred, losing having plundered many cities and losing several lands. In order to survive, he had to raise taxes and oppression by the Machapi, losing that territory in 1568.

Arrival of Jungastians


In June 1570, a Jungastian fleet led by Antonio Baptista arrived in the region where Barra Vermelha is today, and sailed along the coast until reaching Albaterra. Upon returning to Jungastia, Baptista informed the court about the new findings. While he was selected to lead the exploration of Albaterra, another general, named Luís de Sá, was appointed to lead the exploration of Maracatibe, at the time called Terra Baptista.

The contact with the natives was initially friendly, with the settlers having successfully translated the Guará-Kwaba language into Portuguese. The first form of economic exploitation was by free labor of natives, who collected wood, dyes and spices in exchange for clothes, mirrors and other accessories of Artemia.

Terra Baptista became an administrative part of Albaterra, but when Jungastian ships entered the Moriquê river and had contact with the Kwabatuban Empire, at the time governed by Tupanajara XVII, in 1602, Jungastia turned Terra Batista into a separate administrative region. Initially, the Kwabas and Jungastians had harmonious relations, with Jungastia helping Kwabas to conquer the Banguí Kingdom in 1604, in exchange for land and gold.

Debt War (1606-1617)
The Jungastians claimed that aid to the Kwabas was not well rewarded, and so they began to pressure the empire to allocate most of their gold production to Jungastia. After accusations that the natives were hiding gold, the Jungastians demanded that fiscal officers be sent to guarantee full payment of the war's debt. As payment was not being made properly, Jungastia declared war on the Kwabatuban Empire.

Even weakened by disease and the problems caused by the war against Bangui, the Kwabas took an initial advantage. The Jungastians could not destroy the Kwabas Empire in a short time because they also had to take care of the Holy War of Avalonia (1600-1701). The Kwabas had conquered all Jungastian ports throughout northeast of Maracatibe.

However, as the 100-year war in Albaterra had several periods without battles, Jungastia can dedicate itself to fighting the Kwabas in these periods of "peace". Due to the material superiority and experience of the Jungastians, and the fact that the Kwabatuban Empire was weak internally, Jungastia took the capital Indaiataba on February 6, 1617, marking the end of the Debt War.

Colonial Era (1617-1907)
The ancient city of Indaiataba was partially destroyed and transformed into the colonial capital, dubbed Porto Real. The Jungastians adopted the captaincies model. The captaincies were lands ceded to nobles who undertook to build villages, plantations and other necessary infrastructure to make the feud profitable. Gold and silver mining was also very important. Jungastians looted gold from temples and palaces and took pre-existing mines. The workforce of the captancies and mines was predominantly made by slaves.

In 1698, the captaincy model was replaced by a government centralized in the figure of the general-governor, based in Porto Real. Two states were created, the State of Baptista (south) and the State of Maracatibe (north). The first general-governor of Maracatibe and Baptista was Casimiro de Lima e Silva, who boosted the colonial economy, which was based on, , , , and.

The hierarchy of colonial society was composed of perés (Jungastian), peremirins (children of Jungastian born in Maracatibe), mestizos, slaves and natives, in that order of hierarchy. Obviously, there was a hierarchy within the Jungastians themselves, between nobles and ordinary subjects. Slaves were above the natives because, once they were in possession, they had someone to protect them. Free natives, on the other hand, were nobody's possession, and had to fulfill obligations that made the work they performed analogous to slavery.

Free natives had to pay heavy taxes in the form of labor, in mines and crops, in addition to doing domestic services for white colonists. In addition, they could not have possessions, and were tied to land for rent, an area of ​​economic exploitation given to a nobleman by the captanincy system. The slaves of the colonial period were natives already slaves before the arrival of the Jungastians (they had only transferred ownership), natives captured by explorers from the interior and slaves bought from Zahava.

Occupation of the territory
The first area occupied by the Jungastians was the entire Kwaba Empire, and some ports on the north coast. From the beginning of the 18th century, entrances into the dense forest became more constant. The Jungastians were guided by natives to more isolated tribes, which were conquered by the Jungastians (subjected to the system of serfdom). In addition to more territory, the colonial elite obtained slaves through this system, since hostile tribes were decimated or enslaved.

However, not all tribes were weak. The Machapi Empire massacred the Jungastians in their first encounters, with their powerful cannons and muskets, underestimated by the colonists. The conquest of the Machapi was costly, since it also involved a war against the Taraonydian and other Guaray kingdoms, as the Machapi organized the Native Alliance of the West, which united almost all the native states of Maracatibe against colonial power.

The last native empires were only fully conquered in 1743, when the Taraonydians had their capital under siege by the Jungastians.

Golden Era (1740-1810)
Mining has always been very strong, as the Kwabas were already aware of large reserves of gold and silver. However, such reserves were declining, until in the 18th century, when large gold, diamond and emerald deposits were discovered. The high growth of the city of Serra da Esmeralda and Mina Rica stands out.

The so-called Golden Era was marked by the growth of cities (close to mining regions), the development of transport infrastructure and the creation of a well-articulated internal market, in view of the massive migration to Maracatibe. During this period, Maracatibe was the world's largest producer of, and. Mine workers ranged from slaves to free workers in search of better living conditions. Many settlers from Albaterra migrated to Maracatibe to work in the mines, and some brought with them. The Golden Age was very important for the occupation of the territory, given that it displaced many from the coast to the interior, and had its rise at that time, also contributing to the interior occupation. This occupation was not peaceful, being the basis of several bloody conflicts with people not yet colonized.

In addition to the states of Maracatibe and Baptista, the territories of Esmeraldina and Diamantina were created, which had direct control of the Jungastian crown, to facilitate the sending of metals and precious stones. Due to the importance, Maracatibe and Baptista received the title of Viceroyalty, with D. Afonso Limoeiro being the first viceroy. However, mining began to decline slowly from 1750.

Teroitabas, refuges in the forest
During this period, slavery and its mild forms (servitude) intensified. Many slaves managed to escape and set up walled villages in the middle of the forest, the "teroitaba" (meaning hidden village). Teroitabas consisted of veritable parallel states within colonial territory, and coordinated revolts with the aim of restoring the Kwabatuban Empire. Teroitabas hunting was largely done by mercenaries and explorers. At the peak, there were more than 208 teroitabas within the areas controlled by Jungastia, where an average of 281 escaped slaves/servants and helpers lived. At the end of slavery, 93 communities remained.

Sebastiana revolt (1750)
Although slavery was widely used in colonial Maracatibe, it was not practiced without resistance from the enslaved. A great example of this resistance is the Sebastiana Revolt, the biggest slave revolt in the history of maracatibe

The slaves of Sebastiana's farm, after a pregnant slave was whipped to death for refusing to continue working, even though she was in pain because of her pregnancy. Slaves demanded better working conditions, such as more food and an end to physical punishment. They even took over some farms and beheaded their owners. The movement spread to other cities, where slaves began to fight to end slavery.

The revolts caused the death of thousands of slaves (historians estimate between 1 and 5,000), in addition to the physical punishment of several associated with the movement. The leaders of the revolts, 17 slaves, and 5 free men, were publicly executed by orders from the colonial government. The episode increased the rigidity of the slave system and the persecution of escaped slaves. The horrors of this repression helped to base the Charter of Santiago, which also denounced slavery in Albaterra.

End of slavery (1753-1780)
Slavery was abolished in 1753. Unlike Albaterra, the viceroy of Maracatibe and Baptista did not disobey the king, although the desire of local farmers was to maintain slavery.

The total abolition of slavery in 1780 by Jungastia did not improve much the condition of the ex-slaves, who went on to become servants. They still had to pay high labor fees to their masters and some suffered physical punishment, even though they were prohibited. Even so, there was an economic impact with slavery, which bothered local elites.

Independence of the Oriental Republic of Maracatibe (1792)
Against the end of slavery, white farmers hired mercenaries to form a pro-independence army. They initially demanded the abolition of several taxes, through the Letter of Ávis.

The letter was not answered by the king, who ordered the sending of troops to fight the revolutionaries. The farmers were supported by white men, but the descendants of natives opposed the independence movement due to intense royal propaganda that linked the farmers to the return of slavery.

On the night of June 2, 1792, Guará-Kwabas and other descendants of natives armed with machetes killed several pro-independence farmers, and set their properties on fire.

The war lasted until December 1792, ending the six months of independence on the east coast of Maracatibe. The movement's leaders were exiled, arrested and fined. The natives who killed the farmers were also punished.

Esmeraldina Revolt (1832)
With the decline of mining, Jungastia began to raise taxes on gold, emeralds and diamonds mined in Maracatibe and Baptista. This occurred as the colonial economy stopped receiving large investments, and the quality of life of the colonists deteriorated. The dissatisfaction of elites and workers in the mining-related regions led to the deed of the Esmeraldina Petition, in which the locals refused to pay the abusive taxes. The petition was not answered by Jungastia, and the settlers planned an independent revolt, under the leadership of Alfredo Gama.

Esmeraldina Revolt had an initial success, with colonial authority being expelled from several cities in the mine area. But the Emeraldina Republic was short-lived (three months), as the colonial army soon succeeded in deposing all rebel leaders. The movement's leaders were arrested, and some exiled, as was the case with Alfredo Gama, who was expelled to the island of Nova Santa Helena, in the Tethys Ocean.

Era of coffee, iron and cotton (1830s)
At the time of the industrial revolution, Maracatibe became one of the largest cotton suppliers in the world. That time coincided with the rise of coffee as a major export product. The mining of emerald and diamonds grew slightly, and the large iron reserves were finally tapped. Maracatibe was a major supplier of this raw material to the Jungastian industries.

During that time, the first industries established in Maracatibe. They were fabric industries (for coffee bags), but they were in small quantities, since Jungastia decreed in 1858 to ban the installation of industries in the country, making an exception for Sociedade Real do Aço (Royal Steel Society), a steel company located in São Pedro. During this period, the construction of the Coastal Railway Line (1846-1870), the first Jungastian railway outside of Jungastia, stands out. At that time, there was also a revitalization of the economy of the interior of regions of dense forest, with a large flow of workers for rubber extraction and collection of spices.

As Maracatibe served only as a support for the industrialization of Jungastia and other powers, independentist ideals were strengthened. The local bourgeoisie wanted the abolition of the ban on the installation of industries, and this would not be met with the colonial absolutist monarchy. An important pro-independence newspaper was created, called A Voz de Maracatibe (The Voice of Maracatibe), which disseminated liberal ideas.

First Republic in Jungastia (1895-1907)
After the fall of the Jungastian Transition to Democracy in 1895, the colonial authorities of Maracatibe were deposed by a National Guard made up of mercenaries hired by pro-independence farmers. After the formation of the first Jungastian parliament, Maracatibe sent a series of demands, such as the end of bureaucracies for the construction of infrastructure, the abolition of many colonial taxes and the freedom to create factories in Maracatibe.

These demands were met "in half" but the Opening of Ports in 1896 (allowed Maracatibe to trade with nations other than Jungastia) had a great effect on the country's economy. A young and small textile industry was on the rise. Some other industries have also emerged to cover local demands, such as lighting, electricity, shipbuilding and railways.

Despite this, colonial taxes remained high, and the elite of Maracatibe began to fight for the end of colony status. As taxes also weighed on the lower classes, many also wanted better living conditions.

War of Independence (1907-1914)
After the rise of the Second Jungastian Republic, the crisis in the country got even worse, and this hit Maracatibe. The first actions of the second republic were to raise taxes on all settlers, to prohibit the creation of more industries in Maracatibe and the strengthening of the colonial pact. Republicans denied all settlers' demands for political representation.

Father Justiniano Salgado did charity work with the poorest, providing food and housing for homeless people and small farming families. Taxes weighed heavily on the poorer classes, and Salgado began to advocate for the improvement of the population's living conditions, and the end of racial segregation laws. Justinian preached civil disobedience, and marched with supporters to the colonial capital, Porto Real. Wherever he went, he encouraged poor communities to refuse to pay taxes to Jungastians and to buy Jungastian products until popular demands were met. Thus, there was a large growth in the parallel market. The middle class and some sectors of the elite started to support the priest, and financed the creation of manufactures illegally.

The revolt was initially peaceful, but after Jungastia sent soldiers, a popular army was formed, the so-called Front for the Liberation of the Maracatibean People. They declared independence on April 26, 1907. The rebels were initially crushed by Jungastia, and many rebels were killed between April and September 1907, including the charismatic Father Justiniano Salgado, who was shot in public. The violent repression of the secessionist movement, coupled with the increase in Jungastia's tax and legal oppression over the colony, made the independence movement take national proportions. The Maracatibean Liberation Front seized Porto Real in October 1907, imprisoning the colonial authorities and establishing a Provisional Government.Military support from Zahava, the first nation to recognize Maracatibe's independence, was crucial in the victory over Jungastia.

Provisional government (1907-1909)
The provisional government was headed by General Caio de Lima Guimarães, who commanded the Maracatibean Liberation Front. Colonial authorities were arrested, but many fled to Albaterra. The provisional government convened a National Constituent Assembly and a Temporary Governance Council, to assume legislative functions until the end of the drafting of the constitution.

Taxes were reduced and several laws linked to the colonial pact were repealed. The constitution established the Sovereign Community of Maracatibe as the official language, removing "Baptista" from the name. The capital, Porto Real, was renamed back to Indaiataba. The has become the type of government.

During the period of the provisional government, Maracatibean troops even engaged with Jungastians in Albaterra. The dense tropical forest between the two colonies hampered progress on both sides, and President Guimarães gave up on conquering Albaterra, despite sending supplies to the Albaterran Liberation Army, which was unsuccessful in its attempt at independence.

First Republic (1909-1926)
In June 1909, the 1909 Constitution was finished, and established that the next deputies, senators and the president would be elected for 4 years. There was great resistance to the constitution, as it maintained segregationist laws, which even restricted the right of non-whites to vote and stand as a candidate. Non-whites could only run for low positions, and had to have a minimum income to vote. Minimum income that excluded at least 5/9 of the non-black adult male population. In addition, it was necessary to be literate. In general, the First Republic was marked by authoritarian governments, which mainly represented the interests of landowning elites.

The Presidential Elections of 1909 in Maracatibe elected Paulo Mascarenhas d'Ávila, of the Constitutionalist Republican Party, with 85.5% of the votes. These elections were marked by fraud, poor attendance and imposed votes (allies of the winning candidate, with possessions, threatened the poorest to vote for him). D'Ávila was an ally of Guimarães. During his government, landowners benefited from subsidies and reduced taxes. In addition, D'Ávila built schools, universities and hospitals, initiating a major health plan for the eradication of various diseases.

Recognition of Independence
Jungastia was experiencing great difficulties, and had to control instability in the country itself and also in Albaterra. Inflation was so great that prices doubled every week or two. Social tensions were extremely high, and Jungastia drastically reduced his efforts to try to take Maracatibe back. In 1910, with the inauguration of Paulo D'Ávila, conversations began to recognize independence. Jungastia demanded payment of one hundred million dollars, which was a very high price, which the Maracatibeans were not willing to pay, stating that the Jungastians owed colonial reparations.

Conversations stagnated until 1913, when the political, social and economic situation in the Second Republic of Jungastia worsened. Meanwhile, Maracatibe was recovering, and had acquired several military equipment (at the cost of increasing the debt), such as ships and aircraft. Several naval battles marked the end of 1913, as Maracatibe had tried to block Jungastia's access to Albaterra until independence was recognized.

Between December 1913 and January 1914, new conversations took place, and Jungastia agreed to recognize Maracatibe's independence, as long as Maracatibe ceased support for secessionist movements in Albaterra. Maracatibe also revoked the expropriation of Jungastian lands and the ban on Jungastian companies from operating in the country. In return, Jungastia gave up the Black Triangle (region between Maracatibe and Albaterra, which was officially Albaterra but was neglected because it was formed by dense forests), ceded to Maracatibe, by the Treaty of Indaiataba (1914), on January 6. To celebrate the recognition of indecency, Justiniano Salgado's hometown, Vila do Leite, was renamed Salgado and received heavy investments to become a planned city, which would become the capital of Maracatibe since then.

1916 Civil War
In 1916, close to the elections, a popular revolt occurred against the government of Mascarenhas D'Ávila. The government of the time, supported by the mayor of Barra Vermelha, created an urbanization plan that ordered the destruction of the houses of the poor (ugly houses) in the city center, to make way for buildings with better visuals. The poor were pushed to the peripheries, creating slums. As they were mostly descendants of natives, they also fought to end racial segregation.

They were severely repressed by the Urban Police, with many being killed in clashes. In addition to this revolt, there was a mutiny in the Navy, as the sailors protested the physical punishments applied to Marcelo Xavier (500 lashes, of which only 100 were allowed) for having supported the revolt in the city.

News of the revolt spread throughout the country, and the 1916 General Strike was called, demanding an improvement in living conditions and an end to segregation policies. In response to the strike, the government raised taxes, and repressed more radical protesters. In addition, members of the People's t Vanguard were persecuted and arrested. Several newspapers were censored and journalists were convicted.

The revolt was supported by many military men of indigenous ethnicities, who refused to obey the orders of the segregationist government, and even threatened to bomb the government palace. Many civilians armed themselves and fought against the government, sparking a nine-month civil war. In that war, the Machapi peoples suffered genocide, for supporting secession. Food was blocked from entering the areas inhabited by the Machapi, and a series of massacres occurred during the nine months of civil war. The civil war killed an estimated 200 to 250,000 people, mostly Machapi people who were victims of genocide. Entire villages were destroyed with their population wiped out (these villages were dominated by natives and preached civil disobedience).

The government won, but the following year it would have to make a series of concessions due to the instability caused by the crackdown on the revolts.

In the 1916 general elections, Joaquim Góis, of the Federalist Party won with 67.7% of the votes, which generated a great popular reaction, also muffled.

Civil Rights
Due to the increase in revolts, Góis had to meet popular demands, and for that reason, in his government, the end of segregation laws in politics and the secret and women vote were approved. Góis also encouraged the learning of native languages, such as Guará-Kwatib, and invested heavily in early childhood education.

1924 election
In 1924, Márcio Andrade, from People's Vanguard, won the elections with 52.5% of the valid votes. Opponents of the socialist accused him of fraud. As soon as he took office, he initiated nationalization programs in sectors of the economy previously controlled by multinationals, increased the minimum wage, established new labor laws, invested in the basic industry and carried out land reform, which displeased the landowning elite. This led to a coup d'état in 1926, in which the military, led by Carlos Alberto Menezes, took power for three months.

Revolution of 1926
In the government of Alberto Menezes, president Márcio Andrade was arrested. Menezes claimed that Andrade, helped by international socialism, defrauded the elections so that he could make Maracatibe a socialist country, and with that, put dictators in power to oppress the population and lead the people to misery. The attempt to convince failed, and a coup d'état took place within the coup d'état and caused Menezes to flee to Jungastia, where he was supported by dictator Marcelo Pisani Coutinho.

The coup put Andrade back in power, and suspended the National Congress, stating that they were coup leaders. Andrade created a Constituent Assembly formed of workers, rural workers and teachers, to draft a new constitution.

Socialism (1926-1944)
The coup d'état against Andrade served to radicalize the left, represented by People's Vanguard, which began to adopt the communist ideology for good (before they called themselves reformers). The 1926 Constituent Assembly, formed by ordinary workers and socialist ideologues, was in fact controlled by People's Vanguard, and with that, a socialist constitution, called the People's Constitution, was created, to "shield the Maracatibean people from the obscure interests of domestic and foreign elites, and create conditions for overcoming underdevelopment", in the words of President Márcio Andrade.

Maracatibe became the Maracatibean Democratic People's Republic, and a nationalization of all sectors of the economy began. This generated the reaction of capitalist states, such as XX, YY, XZ ..., which established an embargo on the country.

MDPR had three presidents, Márcio Andrade (1926-1932), Romeu Boaventura (1932) and Ivo Aguiar (1932-1944). All governments were marked by media control and the arrest of opponents, but the government of Ivo Aguiar was the most oppressive, responsible for sending opponents to forced labor camps and even executing the enemies of the revolution. Aguiar worked actively for international socialism, financing the murder of owners of multinationals around the world and providing money and weapons to socialist groups. One of the great plans was the financing of the Socialist Front of Albaterra, to establish independence and create the United Socialist States of Southern Avalonia (Union of Lusophone Socialist States of Avalonia was also proposed).

The socialist system proved unsustainable with Aguiar, as oppression was already becoming unpopular as the initial success had been overshadowed by the scarcity of food and the inaccessibility of various services (which also received contributions from the embargoes). The purges in the armies caused the deposition of Ivo Aguiar in 1944, and General Herique Martins de Aquino took power, supported by foreigners from XX, YY, ZZ...

Brief Democracy (1944-1956)
When Aquino came to power, a violent civil war broke out between the Citizen (Communist) Militia and the Restoration Army. The aim of the restauracionsitas was to overthrow territories that had continued under communist rule after the coup. This first phase lasted seven months, with intense urban combats, and after the victory of the restorationists, supported by XX ... (foreign countries), the communists started to use guerrilla tactics, and made bomb attacks occasionally.

The military junta headed by Aquino annulled the Popular Constitution and restored the 1910 constitution, calling for new elections, but with banned socialist parties. People linked to People's Vanguard had their political rights revoked. It is with Cabral that industrialization (initiated by the socialists) accelerated even more in capitalist molds, a pattern that would continue in the next governments

Cabral and Santos Government
The 1944 elections were won by Paulo Sérgio Cabral, from the Social Democratic Party. Cabral revoked a series of measures by the socialist government and initiated a deep opening of the economy, with the privatization of several companies, maintaining some of the basic industry. He started building roads, hydroelectric plants, bridges (at the cost of a huge increase in debt) and created policies to attract multinationals. Despite being the socialist-capitalist transition, the Cabral government maintained the large subsidies to the Maracatibean economy, characteristics of the previous period. Cabral was succeeded by, Gilberto Santos, from the same party. Gilberto Santos accelerated the reversal of socialist policies but maintained the large spending on subsidies and infrastructure (which even increased debt and inflation). Import tariffs were also reduced during this period.

Mendonça Government
PS Cabral's labor minister, Cláudio Mendonça, of the Labor Party, won the 1954 elections. Mendonça maintained Cabral's developmental policy, and in addition, raised the minimum wage, reintroduced anti-land concentration measures, created a series of  social policies and proposed a peace deal with the People's Vanguard terrorists. Contrary to the previous government, Mendonça reintroduced the state monopoly of underground exploration, nationalizing foreign companies.

Alignment with socialists has increased rumors that socialism could return. This sentiment was strengthened by the regularization of People's Vanguard's situation and amnesty to its members and former members, granted in January 1956.

Close parliamentarians warned Mendonça and directed him to distance himself from the socialists, but the response was a rally in São Pedro (outside the capital) on February 4, in which the president shouted anti-imperialist and anti-coup speeches to a crowd  of workers affiliated to unions. The episode resulted in a military coup before Mendonça returned to the capital. Parliamentary approval of the coup was sudden and inadequate, as the majority of pro-Mendonça deputies did not vote.

Cunhas' dictatorship (1956-1973)
On the morning of February 5, Radio Rio Verde broadcast the words of General Raymundo Cunha: ''Respecting national wishes, through the recent parliamentary elections, which withdrew parliamentary support from President Mendonça;  identifying the real presence of the red threat, manifested by the words of hatred spoken by President Mendonça at a rally infested by supporters of People's Vanguard;  the Armed Forces, the Supreme Court, and Parliament, inform the Maracatibean people that President Cláudio Inácio Mendonça has been removed from his role, for the sake of the institutions of this young state. I, along with my advisers, will assume the role of head of government temporarily, until a consensus on security is reached due to communist threats.''

Despite the speech, Raymundo Cunha never made a democratic transition, having closed the parliament, postponing elections successively, removing provincial governors and instituting a censorship mechanism.

Civil War
With the beginning of the regime, People's Vanguard returned to illegality, under the name of People's Vanguard Army, and began to conduct new attacks, which resulted in the escalation of the armed conflict, with the return of new urban battles. Communists managed to control several cities, in addition to assaulting central government trains and attempting various attacks on members of the military leadership. The most intense fighting took place between April 1956 and January 1960. This stage of the civil war generated more than 218,500 deaths, including not only those killed in combat but also people executed by the dictatorship, which number 30,000, in addition to thousands of missing persons.

After this stage, another 4 thousand people will die or be injured by the actions of People's Vanguard, and another 1.5 thousand will be killed or disappeared thanks to the actions of the dictatorial government of Cunha

After 1960
The regime of Cunha and his son was marked by constant human rights violations, with more than 300,000 people being arrested and another 80,000 tortured. According to official figures, more than nineteen thousand people were murdered by the Cunha governments, except for the irregularities committed by government forces during the Maracatibean Conflict. It is estimated that these abuses, mainly the genocide against the Machapi people (most of whom sympathized with the PVA), have killed more than one hundred thousand people.

The victims of torture were anyone who was suspected of having a connection with communism, that is, everyone who showed disagreements with the regime. The media was censored by the Press Ministry, and several journalists, writers and musicians were harassed by the government.

During the Cunha regime, both dictators sought to modernize Maracatibe, providing incentives for multinationals but also applying a protectionist and developmentalist policy, investing billions in the creation of industries, construction of bridges, highways, railways, plants and ports, in addition to financing programs for  research and development, which helped to strengthen the automotive, petrochemical and aerospace industries, through the state-owned company Indaema. It was during the government of Papai Cunha and Cunha Filho that the Maracatibean GDP experienced its greatest growth, and the president even stated several times in his pronouncements that "in a few decades, Maracatibe will become a developed country".

In 1973, President Raymundo Cunha was assassinated by guerrillas of the People's Vanguard Army, and the State Council elected his son, Raymundo Cunha Filho, to succeed him. It was in the government of Cunha Filho that guerrilla groups saw the beginning of their decline. However, drug trafficking began its rise at the end of the Cunha Filho government.

The accelerated growth of the economy was the result of high state intervention and an increase in foreign debt. The external debt of Maracatibe increased almost ten times more than the economic growth between 1960 and 1982. The burst of the debt led to the drastic fall of the growth rates of the GDP and elevation of the inflation, thus increasing the discontent with the government.

To remain in power, Cunha Filho made a series of concessions, freeing several political prisoners convicted of minor crimes, in addition to signaling the decrease in violent repression, such as torture and executions. It was then that in July 1981, Raymundo Cunha Filho announced that Maracatibe would return to democracy.

Redemocratization and New Republic (1982)
Between July 1981 and August 1982, the transition to democracy took place, with freedom of expression gradually resuming and political parties could be created. The first elections, in 1982, went to the Constituent Assembly and the president of Maracatibe. The Constitution, however, had to be considered by the State Council (appointed by dictator Raymundo Cunha Filho). In this way, a series of privileges were given to members of the dictatorship, such as the annulment of any crime of torture and murder, in addition to granting a seat as a lifelong senator to Raymundo Cunha.

In the 1982 elections, Ernesto Nonato, of the left-wing Party for Citizenship and Development, became president. In his government, he called for a policy of non-payment of foreign debt, printing of money and price control, as a way to mitigate the economic crisis. However, such actions led to the deepening of the crisis, with the explosion of unemployment and inflation figures, which became the largest in the world in 1986. It was in the non-government that People's Vanguard Army ended its activities through a  peace agreement, which contributed to the reduction of the civil war.

Nonato was unable to elect a successor to the party itself, being defeated by Adalberto Corte Real, center-right. Corte Real adopted a policy of abrupt reduction of spending and privatization, in addition to undoing the disastrous policies of the previous government. A process of reducing the bureaucracy of the economy was also initiated, in order to attract investments. The debt was being paid gradually in the governments of Corte Real and its successors, of the same party, such as Jorge Huarachi and Antônio Calegaro. During the government of Corte Real, the war on drugs became much greater, and although the Maracatibean Conflict remained small, there was a strengthening of far-right militias in the conflict.

In 2007 Marcos Yousseff took over, succeeded by Tainá Silveira. Yousseff and Silveira were from the Union for Democracy andCitzenship (left-wing) and alternated from 2007 to 2018, when Fernando Fontoura, the current president was elected.

Geography
Maracatibe has an area of 1,364,520 km² (526,844.1 sq mi), making it the ninth largest country in Anterra. It has a large number of rivers, the main one being the Moriquê River, which rises in the high mountains of the northeast of Albaterra and flows into the Iapetus Ocean along the east coast of Maracatibe. It was a very important river for the Maracatiebean settlement and for the development of civilizations, being still very inhabited on its bank, mainly from the eastern half. The largest lake in the country is Lake Paramirim, with ____ km² of area, and is located in the province of Paraté. The main islands of Maracatibe, in order of size, are the Tamoyo Islands (Tamoyo-guaçu Island and Tamoyo-mirim Island - in the north of Abataba), the Timbira Island (in the north of São Francisco), the Sacramento Islands (west of Santa Helena), Albuquerque Island (east of Paraté), Duarte Island (north of São Pedro) and Barroso Island (in the north of Pioca).

The country is crossed by the, in the south of Paraté, and is located entirely in the Tropical Zone of Anterra. Due to this location, Maracatibe is a country with a in the, therefore, it presents a high volume of rains throughout the year, which reaches more than 3,000 mm annually. Precipitation and high absolute humidity are a consequence of the high level of forest and mainly due to the presence of the. Most rains are of origin. The daily and annual of Maracatibe is very low, with the temperature being high all the year. The annual average temperature is around 27 C.

Its relief is marked by plains and depressions along the rivers and plateaus, and the southwestern border consists of the highest area in the country, where its highest point is located, Monte da Lança Negra, with 3,100 m of altitude. There is also a modern mountain range, although not so high to impact the climate, on the northwest coast, called Maciço Maracatibenho. Volcanic formations, including active volcanoes, are found on the islands off the north coast. These characteristics are caused by the convergent movement of the Avalonia plate with the Brigantic plate.

The typical vegetation of Maracatibe is the, there are also significant areas of ,. Characteristic of the equatorial forests, Maracatibe has a high, with 43,181 species of , 1,958 species of , 824 species of , 715 species of , 2,896 species of and 503 species of. The national animal of Maracatibe is the (or Harpy eagle), which is one of the largest eagles on the planet. It is found throughout the country. ,, , , , and various primate species are also characteristic animals of Maracatibe.

Demography
Maracatibe has an estimated population of 80.86 million inhabitants, most of which are located in areas close to the coast or on the banks of rivers in the interior, due to its highly dense forests. 78% of maracatibens live in areas considered urban, a majority that was reached between the 60s and 70s, with the expansion of the industrial sector and mechanization of agriculture.

Ethnic composition
Maracatibe is a country of high ethnic and cultural diversity. Due to the centenary coexistence of the many peoples that inhabit the nation, mixed people make up the largest portion of the population (30%) followed by the Kwaba, the Jungastians, the Bangui and the Guaraic. Considering the highest degree of descent among the mixed, the Maracatibean population now comprises 33.9% of Kwaba, 28.27% of Jungastian, 11.2% of Bangui, and 11.0% of Guaraic, in addition to other peoples .

The Kwaba inhabited the entire territory of Maracatibe for millennia, living in primitive tribes and also in the Kwaba Empire, located in the northeast of the country. The Bangui inhabited mainly the southeast, where they are still concentrated today. The Guaraico people inhabit the entire north coast, being more present in these regions. Other peoples, such as the Kiepki and Lachipi, are more present in the interior of the country, although there are also coastal communities, descendants of the Achapi civilization. With colonization and subsequent immigration, other colonists from Artemia and Typerin also came, mainly from those who colonized Theyka. Among this portion of the population (4.1%) the most important groups are the Agranians. The most important colony of Agraneses is the municipality of Puerto Sorridente, in Santa Helena, which maintains the Agranian language and customs. The other native peoples are descended from tribes in the southwestern forests, or inhabitants of the Maracatibean islands. Slavery brought people from Zahava and its colonies, such as Paseiwa. Other people from Kesh also went to Maracatibe on post-independence immigration to escape wars.

Languages
The Maracatibean constitution establishes two national languages, Jungastian and Kwaba. Jungastian, due to its importance derived from the colonial heritage, and Kwaba because it was spoken by two of the great ancient empires of Maracatibe (Kwaba and Bangui). However, the constitution also allows provinces and municipalities to define their official languages.

Education in schools is bilingual, with Jungastian being one of the mandatory languages, and the other mandatory language is one of the native Maracatibean languages. The offer of teaching these languages, however, depends on the municipality and especially the province. For example, Paraté and Bangui offer only Jungastian and Kwaba, while Abatuba offers Jungastian, Kwaba and Guaray. In general, all states and municipalities are obliged to offer Kwaba. There are 6 municipalities in which Agranian is a co-official language.

Kwaba is used as a first language by almost 20 million people, mainly in the states of the South, Southeast and in Abataba and Pioca. Guaray, in turn, is used as a first language by 7.5 million people, mostly in the states of the north coast (mainly São Pedro, Santa Helena, São Francisco, Batista and Santerre). The only province that does not have a first language spoken by more than half of its population is Pioca. Above these languages ​​is Jungastian, with 51 million first-language speakers. Due to bilingual education, Maracatibe is one of the countries with the highest percentage of people who speak more than one language, and also one of the countries with the most trilingual and polyglot, since in addition to national languages, many foreign language students such as Anglic, Vallisian  and Agranian.

The "others" category includes only languages ​​spoken as the first language, and not entirely foreign languages, such as Aravan (example)

Religion
The Constitution of Maracatibe establishes the separation between religion and the state and guarantees the  of its citizens. The majority of Maracatibean (96.6%) have some religion. Epangelic Church, a colonial heritage, is the country's largest religion, followed by 50.5% of all Maracatibean. Other Messianic denominations, mainly the Marian Communion denominations make up 5.5% ​​of the population.

The second largest religion is the cult of Tupantiua, practiced by 38.1% of the population, and is a local religion, with roots in the Guaraic and Kwaba peoples. There are several Tupantiua schools in the country, and some have Christian elements, a consequence of during colonization. 2.5% of the population follows another religion, of which half of them follow local religions.

Government and Politics
In Maracatibe, the fundamental law is the Constitution, dated 1982, all other laws must respect it. The constitution has undergone some revisions. The Constitution provides for referenda of popular consultation, the most recent examples of which were the Weapons Prohibition Law (2011 - not approved) and the Marijuana Legalization Law (2019 - approved but not yet implemented).

Maracatibe adopts the, and is a , with the head of state and government being called president. The national legislature is called the National Congress, and it is bicameral, with the General Assembly, with 501 deputies (lower house) and the Federal Senate, with 66 senators (upper house) representing the population (by proportional representation) and the provinces, respectively (each province has 3 senators). The vice president of Maracatibe is appointed by the president from among the 66 elected senators, needs Senate approval and accumulates the function of president of the Federal Senate.

Federal government


The President of the Republic is elected by for a term of 4 years, with the right to one re-election. To apply for this position, the canditate must be a born citizen and be over 35 years old. Senators are elected for an 8-year term, and have the same requirements as president, but entitled to any number of reelections. The deputies are chosen for 4 years, by the proportional vote of open list, and they only need to be over 21 years old and have citizenship. There is a strong movement in favor of or.

The president is the head of state and government and commander of the armed forces. He is the head of state and government and commander of the armed forces. In practice, this means that the president is the highest public representative in the country and the main articulator of the population's will. In addition to sanctioning or rejecting laws passed by the parliament, he can also propose amendments to the Constitution and projects that will be evaluated by deputies and senators, such as the creation of universities, positions and functions in the federal administration or the creation and extinction of ministries. Each year, the president must submit planning, spending, and budget forecasts to the National Congress. He sets out the situation in the country and indicates the measures to be taken. In addition, he must report annually to parliament. The president has also the power to enact federal intervention in the provinces (or in the Federal District), state of defense and siege; declare war in case of foreign aggression or celebrate peace, as long as authorized by the parliament;  maintain relations with foreign states and accredit their diplomatic representatives;  conclude treaties, international conventions and acts, subject to the parliament vote or citzen's referendum. Finally, it is he who appoints the commanders of the Air Force, Army and Navy, all ministries, Supreme Court judges and awarding honors to Maracatibean citizens or foreigners.

He can be dismissed through the process, which requires 2/3 approval from both chambers. However, for a process to be opened, the president of the Senate and the president of the Assembly must agree, which is highly criticized, since the president of the Senate is appointed by the President of the Republic, making it difficult to open the process.

The National Congress must oversee the president and his ministers, draft, discuss and vote laws, vote and discuss the budget sent by the government and revoke presidential decrees (including appointment of ministers and presidents of state-owned companies).

Judiciary
Courts administer justice on behalf of the people, defending citizens' rights and interests, preventing the violation of democratic legality and mediating conflicts of interest that occur between different entities. The Supreme Court is the highest court in Maracatibe, and judges issues related to the constitution. The last instance of common justice is the Superior Court of Justice. In addition to these, there are the Regional Courts (second instance), Common Courts (first instance) and the Court of Auditors. The Supreme Court is made up of 9 ministers appointed by the president and approved by the congress.

Political Parties
In Maracatibe, membership is necessary to run for election at any level (municipal, provincial or federal). There are __ registered political parties, but of these, only 11 have representation in parliament, and these are listed below.


 * (AN) = National Assembly
 * (SF) = Federal Senate

Past tensions

 * Theyka:
 * Albaterra:

AVI
On November 20, 2005, President Antônio Calegaro signed Maracatibe's entry into the Acerro-Vernazza Initiative (AVI), after two years of negotiations and planning. The agreement resulted in the consolidation of friendly relations with Theyka and the Confederate States of Northern Avalonia. The economic impacts were mostly positive, since the Maracatibean industry did not suffer much from the lack of competitiveness, on the contrary, exports to the bloc members increased, in view of the reduction in tariffs. However, the flow of skilled workers to Theyka is remarkable, it is the so-called "brain drain", as many go to where wages are higher. The migration balance is remarkably negative, with more Maracatibean asking for residence and work abroad than people from other members of the bloc asking for work in Maracatibe. The sector was the most benefited, with the number of tourists coming from KNA and Theyka more than doubling in the 5 years after joining AVI.

Foreign military personnel in Maracatibe
Maracatibe maintains a contingent of just over a thousand soldiers from Theyka, who are part of the AVI mission to combat the armed groups of the far-left and far-right within the scope of the Maracatibean Conflict. Combat is important not only to reduce the number of guerrilla attacks, but also to curb the large volume of drug and arms trafficking and piracy by the groups involved.

Armed forces


The president of Maracatibe is the commander-in-chief of the Maracatibean Armed Forces. The Ministry of Defense is the intermediary between the president and the branches of the armed forces, which consist of Maracatibean Navy, Maracatibean Air Force, in the Maracatibean Army, and Military Guard. Maracatibe invests 2.5% of its in the armed forces. The armed forces have a contingent of 314,000 military personnel.

is mandatory, with 18 year old males having to report to one of the three major forces (Army, Navy and Air Force). This enlistment lasts six months, but effectively less than 15% of the contingent is selected to remain. Other forms of entry into the Army are through the Military Academy of Montebranco (in Montebranco, Paraté), which trains soldiers with the rank of noncommissioned officer (the following year they leave, they become ensigns), Barra Vermelha Military Academy, which forms  military with the rank of Sergeant of Third-class and the Military Academy of Natal, that forms temporary officers. In the Air Force, it is possible to join, in addition to the conventional means, the Academy of Formation of Sergeants of the Air (which forms sergeants) or the School of the Air Force, which forms non-officers. In the navy, there is the Coast Guard School, the 'Naval Superior School'' (which forms noncommissioned officers) and the School of Sailors (which forms sergeants). It is also possible to enter the Armed Forces School of Technology, a prestigious educational institution that trains technicians in important areas of defense technology, with the possibility of going to the three forces or continuing as civilians.

In addition to the three major forces (Army, Navy and Air Force) there is the Military Guard, with ceremonial functions and ostensive policing of cities. The Coast Guard Command has a special status within the Navy, as does the Marine Command, but it is not a separate branch of the Maracatibean armed forces.

Subdivisions
Maracatibe is a federal state divided into 22 federal units, being 21 Provinces and 1 Federal District. The provinces are governed by provincial presidents, and have their own legislative bodies, called Provincial Assemblies. The Provincial Assemblies have a number of deputies ranging from 21 (Serra Verde) to 71 (Abatuba), according to the population. The same goes for the number of deputies elected by each federative unit. Provincial presidents and deputies are elected in the General Elections, which take place every 4 years, the last being in 2018. Each province and federal district also elects 3 senators.

Municipalities
The provinces are divided into municipalities, which are governed by mayors and also have a legislative body, the Municipal Councils. The Federal District, however, does not have this division, being divided into Administrative Regions, which do not have autonomy. The number of municipalities in Maracatibe is 1,573.

Regions
For statistical purposes, Maracatibe is divided into 5 regions: Southeast (Itauá, Diamamtina, Paraté, Bangui, and Serra Verde), Northeast (Abatuba, Pioca, São Pedro, Santa Helena and Distrito Federal), South interior (Morucá, Maracaí, Ibirapiranga and North Maracaí), Southwest (Ibiraúna, Montité and Pombal) and Northwest (Catão, Batista, Trindade, São Francisco and Santerre). Provinces can also have similar divisions.

Special Border Zone
The Special Border Zone (in Jungastian: Zonas Especiais de Fronteira / in Kwaba: Yandexá Yba Fronteira) consists of the grouping of all municipalities located 125 km from the border. It was established in 1982 with the objective of receiving strategic policies aimed at the security of the national territory and the development of the region.

Economy


The country has a mixed capitalist economy with vast natural resources. Its GDP (PPP) per capita in 2020 was over 20 thousand dollars. It is considered an upper-middle income country, with an emerging economy. Active in sectors such as mining, manufacturing, agriculture and services, Maracatibe has a workforce of more than 42 million people. It is a country of late industrialization, but it has a large and diverse industrial park. In addition, Maracatibe is also a major exporter of commodities, mainly of tropical fruits, coffee, cotton, sugar cane, rice, iron ore, oil, gold, beef, diamond and emerald. The service sector, with emphasis on tourism, is also very dynamic.

Agribusiness


employs 1 in 10 Maracatibean and corresponds to 20% of the country's Gross Domestic Product. The highlights of commercial agriculture are the sectors of, , , , , coconut, manioc, banana, natural rubber, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and. In these products, Maracatibe is almost always on the list of the ten or five largest producers in the world. In addition to these species, there are other smaller-scale crops, such as leeks, aubergines, cucumbers, ginger, cloves.

Animal extraction is represented by and, a sector in which the gigantic variety of fish species in Maracatibe is a collaborating factor. However, the commercial livestock sector for is not as strong, as the dense tropical forest vegetation is unsuitable for grazing. Still, there is a herd of more than 30 million head of cattle, which has grown considerably in recent decades. These data are also related to negative numbers, since in order to create pasture for extensive livestock, it is necessary to open several areas of forest, and for this reason, the cattle industry has been a major contributor to deforestation. In farming, Maracatibe is a large producer with more than 3 million tons of chicken meat being produced annually.

Industry
The idustrial sector of automobiles, steel, petrochemicals, fabrics, appliances, electronics, ships and other durable consumer goods represents 26.2% of maracatibean gross domestic product. Industrial activities are concentrated in large metropolitan regions and large inland cities, such as São Pedro, Serra da Esmeralda, Barra Vermelha, Indaiataba, Itaguaçu, Urutiba, São José, Kurou, Paramirm, Pirabiraba and Papagaiópolis.

The largest of the industries is the automobile industry, accounting for a quarter of all industrial Maracatibean GDP. The provinces of São Pedro and Santa Helena concentrate 65% of all production in the automobile sector, with 60% of all this value corresponding to the metropolitan regions of their largest cities. This sector contributed greatly to the growth and population density of cities in the regions called Wheel Belts. However, the participation of these places in the production of vehicles has been falling due to the process of internalization of industries, driven by factors such as unions, which have excessively burdened the payroll and labor charges, discouraged investments and favored the search for new cities. The main national automakers of Maracatibe are Marins, IMV, AgroVel, Uama, and Kajuru. In addition to these, there is a strong presence of multinational companies in the sector.

Another important sector is the steel industry, whose production in 2020 was 36.6 million tons of steel. This industry is concentrated in the provinces of Bangui, Itauá and Abatuba, with emphasis on the cities of the Iron Triangle region. This region accounts for more than 2 thirds of Maracatibean steel production. Another important producing region is São José, which receives iron extracted from the Rio dos Morcegos region. National production of rolled products was 27.2 million tons, and that of semi-finished products for sales totaled 11.8 million tons. The main steel companies are Aço Real, Tapajós, CNA, and Tavares.

Tourism
Attracted by its paradisiacal tropical islands, its exuberant beaches and dense tropical forests, millions of tourists go to Maracatibe annually, which contributes to almost 4.5% of the Gross Domestic Product. According to the Ministry of Tourism, 41.3 million tourists visited Maracatibe in 2020.

Mining and Oil
Maracatibe is a large producer of, which is mainly destined for the growing Maracatibean steel industry. Iron mining is carried out on a large scale in the states of the east coast and also between Morucá and Montité, where is the recently explored deposit of the Rio dos Morcegos, which despite being smaller than the one on the east coast, has the largest mine in the country. is also widely found, also used in steel and thermoelectric plants and exported. Other important reserves are and, in which Maracatibe has remained an important producer and exporter of these products since the colonial era. The largest reserves of diamonds and emeralds are in Indauá, but there is also considerable extraction of diamonds along the southern border.

mining is restricted to alluvial gold, which sustained the "golden age" of mining in Maracatibe, but went into decline. Bauxite is found in decent quantities along the southern border, and is heavily mined.

Maracatibe has a state-owned oil company, Petromar, but its oil reserves are modest, unable to guarantee self-sufficiency and sustain exports. Petromar has a monopoly on the extraction and refining of oil found in Maracatibean soil.

The mining sector, added to the oil sector, directly and indirectly employs more than 700 thousand people in Maracatibe, and represents approximately 4.0% of the Maracatibe's Gross Domestic Product, and besides diversifying exports, it is an excellent location factor for the industries.

Exports
Maracatibe's exports make up 21.0% of the Gross Domestic Product PPP, or approximately US $ 414.4 billion.

Some of Main Exports
Not 100% complete

Transportation
Maracatibe has 622 thousand kilometers of road network, the highways being divided into National Highways and Provincial Highways, administered respectively by the Ministry of Transport and the Provincial Departments of Transport. Some are granted to the private sector. Although the most densely populated regions with high industrial activity are served by paved roads of good quality, there are several kilometers of unpaved and poorly maintained roads, which makes interior roads very precarious and even dangerous.

Rail transport had its boom in the early twentieth century, with the socialist government, and the network was expanded by later governments and by private initiative. There are 23,123 kilometers of railways, 4,000 of which are electrified. Railways are very important in the transportation of cargo, mainly raw materials, and also for the transportation of passengers. Although the rail network meets the needs of Maracatibe relatively well, the sector has seen stagnation in recent decades, and more recently the retraction, since Maracatibe has already reached 25 thousand kilometers of railways. It is important to note that part of the railways are inoperative due to age and lack of proper maintenance.

Maracatibe has just over 1,000 airports, the busiest being the Presidente Paulo Sérgio Cabral International Airport, in São Pedro, with almost 40 million total passengers in the year 2020. The main port in the country is the Port of Barra Vermelha, whose number  total containers transported in 2020 was 4,931. Waterway transport is also very common in the country, due to the high number of rivers. However, it is relatively limited because not all rivers support this mode of transport.

Healthcare
in Maracatibe is 77.1 years, but with some variation between the federal units. The health care system is free and universal, called the National Health Network (Rede Nacional de Saúde - RNS), and was idealized in 1983, but fully introduced in 1986. Previously, health services were partially financed by the State, for low-income people, employed, and temporarily for the unemployed. Despite having a significant impact on the improvement of living conditions, the RNS is precarious in several places, with frequent lack of beds, equipment, medicines and workers, even in large cities, and the upper-middle class prefers to have private health plans. Added to this precariousness is the fact that some cities are far from complete hospitals, which results in long trips for performing complex treatments, for example. In some regions, such as Paraté, Pioca and Salgado, RNS received complementary investments from local governments and became a major reference, with public hospitals in Pioca being considered one of the best in the world. The government has made efforts to improve the access and quality of the RNS, although critics say that many investments are still lacking.

Education
Maracatibe has a Ministry of Education, which controls basic, secondary and higher education. Basic education is divided into Pre-school (two years long), School A (divided into A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5), School B (divided into B1, B2, B3, B4) and School C (divided into  C1, C3 and C4). Vocational education, or School D, is divided into two years and seeks to qualify workers for jobs that do not require a diploma. Pre-school and D-school are optional, but everything else is mandatory, with parents who do not take their children to schools and may be imprisoned for negligence.

is not permitted in the country, although similar education may be provided for children with special needs. Teaching can be provided by public schools (administered by municipalities) or private schools. There is also a system of military colleges, 14 of which are nationwide, administered by the Navy and the Army.

Maracatibean universities are free for all students from low-income families. People with higher financial capacity will have their university education only partially covered by the State. 33% of the population of Maracatibe has higher education. Admission to universities can be done through the National Examination for Admission to University, which applies to all public universities in the country and to some abroad.

in Maracatibe reaches 99.4% in the youngest, 96.8% in adults and 89.7% in the elderly. As the country is bilingual, teaching is also, with Portuguese and Kwabanese being mandatory languages, taught since pre-school. The tests taken by the students are alternated, sometimes written in Portuguese, sometimes in Kwabanese. This is part of an effort to revitalize the language, which lost importance during the apartheid prevailing in the colonial system and in the beginning of the republic.

The National Education Skills Verification Instrument (IVCEN) is a test made at the end of the year that seeks to measure the quality of teaching in each school, with the aim of helping to admire the teaching. The grades of the last available exam (2020), were on average (including all years of basic education): 66.5 in Mathematics, 60.6 in writing, 63.5 in Natural Sciences, 79.2 in Geography, 70.20 in National Languages, 87.6  in Foreign Languages, 70.6 in History, 65.7 in Literature.

Telecomunications
The telecommunications sector is regulated by the Ministry of Infrastructure, through the National Telecommunications Regulatory Agency (ANRT). In 2020, the number of people connected to the internet was over 60 million, constituting about 76% of the population over 10 years old and more than 72.5% of all households. Over 98% of households have access to television, and the main channels are TV Rio Verde, Anauê Maracatibe and CMR. CMR, acronym for Companhia Maracatibenha de Radiofusão, was the first radio (1922) and also television (1948) company in Maracatibe, and at the time it was a state-owned company (privatized in 1987).

Energy
Most of the consumed in Maracatibe comes from, the largest of which is  (60%), with a high share due to the use of its abundant plateau rivers. Together, and  account for 5% of the total generated. is responsible for 8% of the electricity generated in the country. Among the non-renewable sources, (6%),  (12%) and  (4%) stand out in thermoelectric plants, and, through its four plants, which represent 5% of the  production of Maracatibean electricity. Maracatibe invests heavily in renewable energy, and it is estimated that by 2030, the share of solar, wind and nuclear (non-polluting) energy will double by the next decade. A fifth nuclear power plant, in the province of Catão, is being built, and two more are being planned to start construction by 2025.

Science and Technology
Maracatibe invests 1.45% of GDP in. Government expenditures in this area include subsidies to companies, research funding at universities and public institutions, and the space program, through the Maracatibean Agency for Space Exploration (AMExE), in addition to other institutions. Maracatibe has technology for use in power plants and research, but does not have. The first experimental reactor was obtained in 1952, and in 1987, the Praia Nuclear Power Plant was built. The Maracatibean space program started as early as the 1940s, but remained stalled until it received larger investments from the government during Raymundo Cunha in the late 1960s, when AMExE was created. In the coming decades, it successfully launched a series of satellites, taking advantage of the advantageous position for the sector (Equator line). The Barros Neto Institute, located in São José, is a world reference in the production of antidotes, mainly of snakes in the region. Maracatibe also produces a series of locally developed vaccines.

Architecture and Scupture
The architecture of Maracatibe has the enormous wealth inherited from the ancient pre-colonial civilizations, such as the Kwaba, Bangui, Guaray and Machapi, in addition to the Jungastian influence. Although there was a systematic destruction of its artistic heritage, monuments and pre-colonial symbols carried out in the early days of the colony, the archaeological sites are many and of great interest, in addition to the fact that the pre-colonial architectural style has endured, and its renaissance has  consolidated with independence.

The Kwaba, Bangui and Guaray cultures stand out for the construction of great pyramids, one of the largest in the world. The pyramids are richly adorned and colored, and have historically served as a temple, mausoleum or museums. The pyramids range from less than ten meters to more than 130 meters in height, like the pyramid of Tupan, in Indaiataba. At least a fifth of all the pyramids erected by the Maracatibean peoples before colonization are almost 100% preserved, as they have undergone renovations and maintain their colors and ornaments.

The kaisara, or protectors, are large monoliths on the coast that were designed to protect against volcanic eruptions and tsunamis. They started with the Guaray culture, in the north of the country, but it also spread to the east coast. They consist of the representation of heads or bodies and feet of warriors. In the belief of the native peoples, the statues would absorb the strength of the ancestral warriors, and help in the resistance of the tribe. There is a wide range of kaisaras, from the simplest to the most detailed. The mastery of the Kaisara art led to the construction of large monoliths representing important people, most of them emperors.

The architectural activity, especially of religious buildings, was intense from the conquest of the territory by the Jungastians. Colonial art is the result not only of the transfer of Aetemian plastic forms to another continent, but also of their adaptation to the mentality and the deep traditions of their adopted lands.

The 18th century Baroque Maracatibean, very well characterized, took the stunning decoration of facades and interiors to the extreme. Sculpture, painting and jewelery were put at the service of this art that took root in Maracatibean lands.

Sports
The most popular sport in Maracatibe is, followed by , , and. The main football clubs are São Pedro Esporte Clube, Unidos de Bangui, Esmeralda and CR Braga. The national football championship is the Liga Maracatibenha, made up of 18 teams in the first division, 22 in the second and 24 in the third. Idjahuka-Xondaro is one of the two national sports in Maracatibe, and is an ancient martial art of the Kwaba and Bangui people, with a very important national competition. The second national sport is Peteca, which is also an ancient sport, with official competitions since the time of the Kwaba city-states. The National League of Peteca is the main competition in the country, having two divisions of Peteca Solo and Peteca Duo. Badminton is very popular because it is very similar to peteca, but with rackets.