Zahavan Polytheism



Zahavan Polytheism is the broad term for the myriad beliefs and traditions held by Zahavans. Zahavan religion is practical and contractual, based on the principle of "I give that you might give". Religion depended on knowledge and the of prayer, ritual, and sacrifice, not on faith or dogma, although it was believed that those lacking in conviction would have a more difficult time in attaining divine favor.

In Zahavan polytheism the divine acted like humans and have human faults. The divine will interact with humans, sometimes even spawning children with them. Additionally at times certain gods would be opposed to others, and they would try to outdo each other. Many of the myths and legends regarding the divine are presented as historical events or fact in Zahavan culture and are deeply interwoven with Zahavan political and cultural history.

While the Zahavan religion has a structured priestly class and a set tradition based rules and doctrine it is largely a cult based religion where individuals are expected to go through introspection and determine which divine entities most resonate with their lives and worship them accordingly. The only exception to this being that of the Imperial cult, to which all Zahavans are expected to pay homage.

During the reign of Iskander Korthuphos II all the myths, legends, and other religious texts of Zahavan religion were compiled into the Epitoma Aiona or Book of the Heavens. This book contains not only the tales of the divine, their deeds, but also outlines on the specific guidelines to properly conduct rituals, prayers and other religious based services.

For ordinary Zahavans, religion is a part of daily life. Each home has a household shrine at which prayers and offerings to the family's chosen deities and ancestors are offered. Each community has shrines and sacred places such as springs and groves, plazas, or temples. The Zahavan calendar is structured around religious observances. Both men and women and in some cases even children all participate in a range of religious activities. Some religious rituals can only be conducted by men, while others can only be conducted by women.

Founding Myth and Divine Destiny
As stated in The Epitoma Aiona in the eons after the creation of the cosmos and the world the gods divided up the world each seeking to establish their own realm within the mortal plane, and each attempting to one up each other, and take more of the world for themselves.

Zahavan myth teaches that in the eons before the establishment of the Empire, the lands it now occupies were ruled by Mortarius, and his cult of daemons, beasts, and other creatures from the underworld. Mankind was enslaved and their souls used to sustain the realm of the underworld on the mortal plane of existence. Amongst this scene of goom and despair there was a mortal woman, named Karmia, whose beauty was so great that she caught the attention of the gods themselves. Mortarius took great delight in parading her before his brothers and sisters, taking particular delight in showing off his mortal prize to his greatest rival the god Areius.

Not all of the divine looked on mortals the same way, the goddess Mageia, daughter of Areius, whom had given mankind life and a soul, found Mortarius' wanton cruelty and deplorable treatment of humanity disgusting, and unbecoming of divine nature. She implored her father to do something. Areius, who shared his daughters views toward his brother decided to act, but could not openly confront his brother, less he risk starting a grand war between all the divines which could have catastrophic consequences for the entire cosmos. Instead Areius, with the help of his daughter managed to distract Mortarius long enough for allies to steal away his prize, the mortal woman Karmia.

Areius blessed Karmia with a child and hid the two away in the realm of his brother, Taktos where the child Zahavarius, meaning carrier of divine light was able to mature and grow strong. After many years in the realm of Taktos, Karmia told her son the true nature of his birth, and where he had come from. At nearly the same time, Mortarius had finally deduced whom had been behind the disappearance of his prized Karmia, and the clouds of war had begun to form in the divine realms.

While the gods could fight freely amongst themselves in the divine realms, they were limited to what they could do directly on the mortal plane, instead each god or goddess would have to rely on mortal beings or creatures to carry out their will, the coming conflict would not only determine who ruled the divine, but the mortal realms as well.

Zahavarius gathered a great army of men from across the world and with the help of Areius via special armor, and weapons led his army into the mortal realm of Mortarius, managing to vanquish the god of the underworlds forces freeing the people there. At the conclusion of his campaign Zahavarius declined an offer from Areius to join him in the divine realms, choosing instead to remain on the mortal realm and continue to protect, and guide mankind declaring that he and his descendants shall be the bulwark for humanity against the nefarious forces of darkness for all time. With his campaign finished, and mankind's freedom won, Zahavarius and what was left of his army settled down, forming the city state of Arcanium which would go on to become the empire that exists today.

Prima Materium
According to the Epitoma Aiona the gods themselves are possibly creations of the Prima Materium, also known as the realm of realities.

The gods themselves are said to not understand fully the their own purpose, where they came from or how they came into being. Some scholars speculate that there must be an even higher power, or powers than the gods which make up the Zahavan pantheon, and that whatever these entities may be could have possibly created the gods in their image, as the gods created mankind in theirs.

Other speculate that these beings of the Prima Materium, known as the Empyrean entity or entities did not create the gods in their image, but view them as experimental subjects, and that such beings that could create the gods would have also created the universe itself, and possibly other alternate universes parallel to this one as part of a greater observation and study of their creations. It is speculated that the gods themselves attained their immortality perhaps by successfully completing a task, or tasks or achieving some goal set by their creators, and that mankind too could attain immortality if it is likewise successful. Other scholars believe the Empyrean entity was some how shattered, perhaps as a result of an experiment gone wrong and that the gods are actually shards of its being, each god representing an aspect of the Empyrean entity and thusly being immortal.

Zahavans believe ones soul is originally forged within the Prima Materium, before being sent to the divine realm and then onto the earthly plane, and that the realms of the dead are actually merely planes of existence where souls wait before their eventual return to the Prima Materium. The Empyrean entities are believed to rule over the Prima Materium. These Empyrean Entities are often associated with being the cosmic self awareness, that is how the cosmos sees things itself and has its own wants and needs, which it then creates a plane of existence to fulfill the desired purpose.

Major Gods and Goddesses
The major gods and goddess of the Zahavan pantheon are considered to be masters of the respective realms, ruling over them as kings or queens. All are of course under Areius' the ruler of the divines and father to Zahavarius. Zahavans believe each god and goddess has lesser gods, either as their children or as divine creations along with other mythical beings and creatures to carry out their will on earth or otherwise serve them. While the gods typically are cooperative, rivalries between deities do exist, and from time to tome the gods are will use both their divine assistants, and, through various means of manipulation mortals to carry out plots against one another.

Areius


Areius is the king of the gods husband to Nourmenia, father to Zelos, Caphan, Notos, and Mageia. He is the son of Abedia and Ecarus, brother to Taktos, Mortarius, Tiberias, Nourmenia, and Galene. Areius is the god of authority, governance, and justice. Areius is also the chief deity of the Imperial state religion, and is believed to be father to Zahavarius and thus grandfather to all Zahavan people. As such Areius is often featured on Zahavan coinage, and Primogenitors or other officials are often depicted at the right side of Areius in artworks or sculptures. As the god of authority, Areius is seen as the divine witness to oaths, the sacred trust on which justice and good government depend.

Areius along with his daughter Mageia and brother Mortarius are key characters in the Zahavan creation myth. With Areius and Mageia cooperating together to ensure the hero, Zahavarius could be born and lead the forces of justice and good against the darkness and evil of Mortarius. As father to Zahavarius Areius offered to make his half mortal son a member of the divine race, Zahavarius refused choosing instead to remain on the mortal plane to ensure Mortarius and his nefarious supporters would never again threaten humanity.

Areius is often depicted as an eldery man, with a full white beard and long white hair. He is often shown wearing the regalia of the Primogenitor, along with other Imperial honors, wearing a white toga or robe which itself is often embroidered with gold and it is common for Areius to be depicted semi nude. Also common are depictions that show him seated on a throne, which again bears resemblance to the worldly Imperial throne. Areius is typically associated with the sky or heavens which is seen as the divine's domain. In addition to swearing loyalty to the Primogenitor, all Imperial officials additionally swear an oath of loyalty to Areius upon taking office.

The sacred animal of Areius is the Owl, and Puma. Acceptable sacrificial animals for Areius are white oxen or rams with gilded horns or lamb. More festivals and holidays on the Zahavan calendar are dedicated to Areius than any other deity.

Caphan
Caphan is a son of Areius and Nourmenia, husband of Notos, and father to Hexerius, Tempestus, and chalkos. Caphan serves as the god of the sky, and heavens. While Areius rules the divine realm it is Caphan's duty to ensure everything is kept in working order. Caphan is responsible for the placement of stars, the sun, the moon. Caphan, along with his wife ensure the winds which control weather keep circulating the globe.

Caphan is also depicted similar to his father Areius, as an older mature man sometimes partially nude. To distinguish between the two Caphan is always portrayed in a colored robe, while Areius is typically shown wearing all white. Sometimes Caphan has his wife, or children shown around him as well.

Due to Caphan's task of ensuring the heavens remain in their proper order he is a common deity among naval and other sea faring personnel as traditionally the stars have been used for seaward navigation and winds for power. It is typical to find shrines to Caphan near harbors or other ship facilities, shrines to Caphan are also common at astrology and astronomy educational institutions, the largest shrine being at the Imperial observatory in Moriae. The sacred animals of Caphan are the Ospreys, and Macaws. Acceptable sacrificial animals are sheep, bulls and pigs.

Festivals to Caphan often mark the dates of successful expeditions abroad, or following rains after a long drought or may occur following a long string of favorable weather in general.

Dersius
Dersius is the god of the forge, craftsmanship, and fire. Dersius is a brother to Abedia, Auli, Ecarus, Karsius, Noctililius, Morbidios, and Orexes. Dersius is often depicted clothed, or partially nude working with a hammer and anvil, typically forging a weapon or piece of armor. He is also sometimes depicted overlooking the building of a great work, such as a temple or other monument.

Dersius is important in Zahavan religion as the forger of weapons and armor for the other divines, and ensuring that Zahavan mortal weapons and armor are of a high quality. As the god of craftsman, proper offerings to Dersius are necessary during construction planning and engineering to ensure that the project will be completed, and done safely. Most important of all however, is the myth of how Dersius took an ember from his great forge the sun, and gave it to mankind thereby giving fire to humanity and allowing mankind to advance technologically in ways which would have otherwise been impossible.

Sacred animals of Dersius include wasps and bees, weaver birds, and the Hyrax. Acceptable offerings include rams, bulls, and horses or oxen. There are several festivals and holidays dedicated to Dersius throughout the Zahavan year.

Hexerius


Hexerius is the god of war, and conquest, Heroism, and Self-Sacrifice, and is the Son of the god Caphan and goddess Notos, and the brother to Tempestus. Hexerius is second in importance only to Areius, and is the most prominent of the military gods in the religion of the Imperial army. Many of the festivals and celebrations honoring Hexerius occur in March and October, which typically marked the beginning and end of military campaign seasons. Hexerius is believe to represent military power as a way to secure peace.

The sacred animals of Hexerius are the wolf, the bear, and the Caracara. Each of these animals are said to embody the traits of Hexerius, and serve as he servants or messengers on earth. Acceptable sacrificial animals include pigs, rams, oxen or bulls. It is customary even today that before any military operation is undertaken an offering to Hexerius is made, in hopes of gaining his favor and thus ensuring victory.

Hexerius is typically depicted as a bearded mature man, often clad in armor but also depicted semi-nude, or nude with a shield and spear or sword and helmet. The sword of Hexerius is kept in the temple to Hexerius, the Sanctorium Divinatum on the grounds of the Sanctorus Basileius in Arcanium. The sword is said to tremble or shake if war or an attack against the Imperium is imminent.

Karsius
Karsius is the god of strength, sports, and athletes. He is brother to Abedia, Auli, Ecarus, Dersius, Noctililius, Morbidios, and Orexes. Karsius is often depicted nude, partially nude, or in armor as a younger man typically bearded although his face is not always shown, and has varied in different depictions. He is typically shown performing a great act of strength. A common example is the portrayal of Karsius wrestling one or more mythological creatures such as Minotaur, or to show him throwing a javelin over the horizon during a series of games. With physical fitness being a key aspect for both men and women in the Zahavan culture Karsius is a popular deity, and is honored with a full week of feasts, celebrations and ceremonies during and after the Kharmideian Games.

Karsius is also a popular deity among the military, both in hopes he will help them maintain good physical condition but that he will also grant the the strength and courage necessary to achieve victory in battle. It is common to see many soldiers wearing trinkets or adorning equipment and vehicles with fetishes or other symbols of Karsius among other deities. Karsius is also a common deity in hospitals as many of the sick, particularly those who have serious illnesses like cancer will seek to be imbued with his divine strength and courage so that they may undergo their treatments without fear.

Karsius' sacred animals are the lion, bull elephants, and gorilla. Acceptable sacrifices include water buffalo bulls, rams, and domestic hares. There are festivals and games throughout the year to honor Karsius, typically in conjunction with other gods like Hexerius.

Mageia


Mageia is the daughter of Areius and Nourmenia, sister to Notos, Caphan, and Zelos, aunt to Tempestus and Hexerius. Mageia is the goddess of life and the soul, it is believed Mageia retrieves a soul from the Prima Materium, via the river of souls then places the soul inside a clay molding of a person or animal she has made. In this manner Mageia gave birth to mankind, and is the creator of all animals and mythological creatures. Mageia is seen as the first "mother" to every human being on the planet past, present, and future. Mageia is also another key member of the divines in the Zahavan creation myth along with her father Areius and uncle Mortarius. It is also believed that, in giving a soul to her creations Mageia is responsible for spirits, ghosts and other specters who remain tethered to the mortal plane even after death.

In the times of cosmic antiquity, Mageia had had her creations, mankind taken from her via a trick and used by Mortarius to sustain his realm of the dead within the mortal plane of existence. It was at Mageia's insistence, and primarily with her help that Areius was able to trick his brother Mortarius and rescue Karmia, Mortarius' prized mortal trophy. This led to an affair between Areius and Karmia which resulted in the demi-god son, Zahavarius who would eventually defeat Mortarius and declare himself and his descendants protectors of mankind and the mortal realm for all time.

Mageia is typically shown as a pregnant, partially clothed woman sitting in a garden or forest, she is occasionally shown besides members of her divine family, or with mythological creatures which she has created. Sacred animals to Mageia are the rabbit, fox, and song birds. Acceptable sacrifices include only female animals such as cows, sheep, or sows which should be white or sacrificed in prime number amounts. Festivals for Mageia typically are conducted in spring when plants and flowers bloom and animals typically give birth, or after the birth of a child. It is also customary to make offerings to Mageia at a funeral service in hopes of ensuring the deceased's soul is able to move on and find peace in the afterlife.

Notos
Notos is wife and sister to Caphan, the daughter of Areius and Nourmenia, and sister of Mageia and Zelos. Notos is goddess of the four winds, and works with her husband and brother Caphan to ensure the weather patterns and winds continue to circulate the globe as they are designed to. Notos also sometimes works with Tempestus, giving him great gusts of wind with which to wreak the mayhem and destruction he is ordered to do or with Tiberias to generate great swells in the sea upon his request.

Notos is one of the few deities who is rarely depicted alone and is often shown fully nude or partially nude. Typically Notos is shown beside her mythological guardian, Khuebus. Khuebus was, according to the myth at one time a mortal woman, whom was Caphan's love interest. Notos, with whom Caphan had already had a romantic relationship became jealous when Caphan turned down her suggestion that the two be wed, choosing instead to pursue mortal women. This went on for some time until Caphan happened across the mortal woman Iasonae. Iasonae and Caphan fell madly in love and Caphan even had plans to ask Areius to make her a member of the divines. Upon hearing this Notos flew into a rage, and kidnapped Iasonae, taking her to her uncle Mortarius. In exchange for one thousand mortal souls Notos had Mortarius transform the once beautiful Iasonae into a hiedous part human, part, angel, part puma beast whom was subservient to Notos and Notos alone.

Notos returned to Caphan, showing him what she had done, Caphan was originally devastated, asking Areius if he could undo what Mortarius had done but Areius refused. Caphan then sulked for years, leaving his position and allowing the heavens to fall into disarray.Scholars suggest this time is the cause for global climatic changes that occurred in ____ resulting in the ____ ice age. After years of trying Notos, with help from her brother and sister was able to convince Caphan to return, Caphan realizing that should he chose anyone but Notos to marry she would likely again sabotage him, reluctantly agreed to wed his sister.

Notos is, particularly in modern times less celebrated than she was during the age of sail, however festivals and rituals honoring her often coincide with events honoring her husband. She is also the chief deity among many of Zahavan's sailboat racing teams. Sacred animals to Notos include the mythological Khuebus, swifts, and Skuas. Acceptable sacrifices to Notos include doves, cows or bulls, and sheep or rams.

Taktos
Taktos is the god of Order, and is often also attributed as being the god of justice in that justice should be fair, and that punishments should be equal to the offenses one has committed. He is the son of Abedia and Ecarus, brother to Areius, Mortarius, Tiberias, Nourmenia, and Galene. Taktos often swings his allegience between Areius and Mortarius when the two are at odds, much to the dismay of the opposite party. Taktos is supposed to temper excessive thoughts or traits such as greed, lust, or Megalomania with a pragmatic approach. Too much of any one thing, either good or evil results in chaos as an imbalance grows between cosmic forces. Taktos has no concept of good or evil, he is merely interested in preserving a state of cosmic equilibrium.

Taktos is typically shown alone, in a harsh or unforgiving setting clad in armor and wielding his sword, Libro. Libro is a special sword forged by Dersius, that has the ability to cut through any material such as ones fate, and even posses the ability to kill a divine being. The sword was entrusted to Taktos by Areius himself and it is adorned with scales, meant to signify the sword, and Taktos' purpose of preserving a perfect balance.

In the Zahavan creation myth Taktos assists Zahavarius by directing Dersius to forge special armor and weapons for Zahavarius' followers which would allow them to combat the forces of Mortarius ultimately leading to Zahavarius' victory. Taktos' sacred animals are the stag, the maned wolf, and the mongoose. Acceptable sacrifices include bulls, water buffalo, and rams. Rituals to Taktos often take place before any legal proceedings and witnesses must swear oaths of truth to Taktos before any testimony is given, shrines to Taktos are common in court houses and at jails or prisons.

Tempestus
Tempestus is the god of storms, and natural disasters, he is the son of Caphan and Notos, and the brother to Hexerius. Typically Tempestus is seen as carrying out the will of other gods, when they have been greatly offended instead of them doing the so called dirty work themselves. Such was the case when Octavius Valenti's expedition in 50bc was considered lost. It was believed that Valenti had offended one of the other gods, perhaps in Areius himself by giving an improper sacrifice, and so in response to this offense Areius had Tempestus conjure a great typhoon that blew Valenti's expedition off course or sank many of his ships.

As such when a natural disaster does occur, blame is usually levied against the officials in charge as it is believed they have offended the gods in some way and must make atonement. Typically this results in the removal of at least some of the officials and a series of festivals aimed at seeking forgiveness from the gods for whatever transgressions may have been made against them. Shrines to tempestus are often erected at the site of a natural disaster, or nearby in hopes that paying proper tribute will prevent such a tragedy from occurring at the same place twice. It is also customary to making an offering to Tempestus himself before one embarks on any long journey or voyage. On occasion Tempestus has been portrayed as a protector or defender of the Zahavan people, as was the case when in 1040CE a Puhan khanate army was destroyed after a large monsoon caused a massive landslide which directly hit, and destroyed Khanate army in its encampment.

Tempestus is rarely depicted as an actual person, instead he is often shown as an ethereal being, or more typically only a portion such as a limb of Tempestus is shown, often causing some great catastrophe on the world below. The sacred animals of Tempestus are considered to be eels, gulls, and other sea birds. While acceptable sacrifices are cows, sheep, and geese.

Cults
A cult refers to any general population of worshipers belonging to an individual shrine, temple, or group of interlinked temples and shrines devoted to an individual god or goddess, demi-god, hero, emperor, or living emperor. A Citizen is expected to declare a primary Cult or personal deity by the age of 25, but individuals are not restricted to a single cult if they so choose to worship two or more deities.

The way cults are managed depends largely upon their location and size, all shrines temples and other religious sites are administered by ordained priests and or priestesses whom have completed education at one of the ecclasian schools and whom are in good standing with the ecclasia. This ensures all rituals, rites, and other services are conducted in the proper manner and will avoid accidentally offending the gods. This process also ensures all those whom are administering religious services are in compliance with the ecclasian view, this process was implemented to prevent a future Keltros cult situation as was the case during the civil war.

The cult of Areius in Arcanium which has a large temple, and several shrines dedicated to his service is managed by a Magister Templi who has studied at one of the ecclasian institutions and may often be a tutor there, and is supported by a large staff of junior priests and priestesses along with other non religious personnel and members of the Sekhemet guard. While a shrine to Aerius in a rural town may be managed by a simple Magister, whom has also received and education by the ecclasia and his wife serving as the priestess.

Public Cults
Public cults are cults a person, or family belongs to and typically attend daily, weekly, or monthly gatherings with other members of the same cult. At these gatherings rituals or festivals will be conducted, group prayers and offerings made. Sometimes the head Magister or other religious leader will give a lecture on how the gods, and the particular deity of the cult expect their followers to live their lives or how they may see direction from the gods in their lives, what signs to look for. The reading of Auspices would also be done, to predict future fortunes and determine if the cult was in the gods graces or if they needed to conduct forms of penance for acts of dishonor.

Other personal ceremonies are also conducted in public cult settings, wedding ceremonies, funerals, and receiving certain decorations or awards from the state are conducted at least partially through religious rites or ceremonies. The crowing of the new Primogenitor is the most notable example of this, where the to be crowned Primogenitor swears an oath to Areius and the pantheon pledging to honor the gods and serve them while also asking for their guidance and protection as the current incarnation of Areius' son Zahavarius.

Heroic Cults
Heroic Cults are cults dedicated to mortal-born heroes from the annals of Zahavan mythology. These heroes, such as Zahavarius, are said to have accomplished great, impossible, and heroic feats of strength and cunning to overcome obstacles and opponents, sometimes aided or opposed by deities. Hero myths play a large role in the foundations of Zahavan literature through epic poems, stories and even plays about the heros feats or, in more modern times adaptations based on these myths. Throughout history tyrants, kings and even emperors would model themselves after or claim descent from heroes to legitimize themselves in the eyes of the locals a practice which continues today.

Imperial Cults
Imperial cults, are cults dedicated to the worship of the Imperial family, or a former or current Primogenitor. Imperial cults differ from the worship of the Primogenitor as the descendant of Zahavarius, and instead view the Imperial house as being its own separate divine entity. The first, and still most popular Imperial cult is the cult of Reighden the Magnus.

Since his death, many Primogenitors, especially in times of great turmoil have invoked the cult of Reighden, hoping his spirit would come to aid them or grant them power. Some Primogenitors, particularly those with weaker claims to the throne have claimed to be Reighden reincarnated. Over time different Primogenitors have attempted to establish their current dynasty as a cult declaring themselves a god, and others extending those claims to their family members as well.

Throughout history those rulers whom have chosen to assert themselves in this way have had varying degrees of success although the majority of such cults die off shortly after the fall of the dynasty itself. This is due in part to the custom of the incoming Primogenitor to kill off the followers of the previous ruler or rival to ensure there are fewer challenges to their rule.

Household Cults
The Epitoma Aiona states that in addition to worshiping of ones ancestors, each family should choose a deity to watch over, and guide the household in exchange for the families' devotion. This is known as the household cult, or domestic cult. The household cult is determined on the date of marriage, with the wife usually selecting which deity to pledge the household to. The wife, or otherwise administrator of the family estate would take on the priestly duties of honoring the chosen household deity, the family ancestors, and any other deities with whom he or his family held an interdependent relationship.

Worship to the household cult is done semi-privately. Actual rituals, prayers and offerings are not typically done in public, however it is common for one to adorn their home's exterior with fetishes representing the household deity. Other public displays of the household cult are family members wearing colors associated with their chosen deity or placing effigies depicting the god or goddess of the home on special holidays or events outside the home.

Ancestor Worship
Ancestor Worship, sometimes called the Family cult is considered one of the most sacred aspects of Zahavan religion. Zahavans believe that proper reverence and worship of ones Ancestors is vital to the continued success and well being of the family or clan. Traditionally a family adopts the mothers family ancestors as their own after marriage, as it is from females that all things are ultimately given life and from which they are nurtured and cared for.

Ancestor worship includes the recitation of family prayers, burning of candles or herbs, and the giving of offerings. Only in times of great distress would an act of sacrifice be used in a ritual for the ancestors. Secretive family rituals are also conducted in worshiping of the Ancestors. It is considered cruical for these rituals to remain secret as the Ancestors may become offended if the rituals are shared with outsiders. The notable exception to this practice is the worship of the Imperial family, the implication being that all citizens of the Empire are considered children of the Emperor or Empress.

Temples and Shrines
Public religious ceremonies take place both outdoors, and within temple buildings themselves. Some ceremonies are a procession, which may start, visit, or stop at a temple or shrine where an artifact, or offering may be deposited. All temples have an open air plaza, on the ground level with an altar dedicated for use in sacrificial offerings. Within the temple may be statues, mosaics and paintings or effigies that portray the cult image of the deity to whom the temple was dedicated, and often a smaller altar for incense or libations as well as an area for prayer, seating for observance of public ceremonies, and quarters for the acolytes whose job it was to maintain the temple and its grounds.

Many temples are elaborately built made of fine marble, adorned with bronze and marble statues, gold and silver chalices and urns, while acolytes burn a number of herbs and oils to give the interior a pleasant smell. Outside the temples are often elaborate gardens with various trees and flowers, additional statues and water features. Noted exceptions to this include temples or shrines dedicated to gods who work in the underworld or that deal with violence such as the god of war, whose temples and shrines are very austere in comparison. All temples and shrines posses at least one statue, or painting, mosaic in the likeness of the deity to which they are dedicated and bearing the deities name on it, this is due to the fact that Zahavans believe a divine being, or even a mortals soul has the potential to reside within any imagery that bears their resemblance and name upon it.

Many temples are said to be built on the sites where a great act was performed by the diety the temple is dedicated to, while shrines are often built by generals, or wealthy individuals as symbols of the fulfillment of a vow made in exchange for a victory or other personal gain. Each household in Zahava has its own, small scale family shrine which is dedicated to the families chosen deity. These can range from elaborate plazas, to simple carvings of the family deity placed upon a mantle.

January

 * 1 Celebration of the New Sun, giving thanks to the Genus Areium for their continued protection and guidance to the Empire
 * 3-5 Dates for festivals celebrating successful expeditions abroad, and for wishing good fortune to travelers
 * 5 Festival celebrating the founding of Arcanium
 * 9 Festival to the gods (which gods are honored varies except Areius whom is always honored)
 * 13 Date government officials take their oaths to the Imperium and Areius before officially taking office
 * 24-26 Festivals for sowing and wishing for bountiful harvests in the coming year
 * 27 Festival celebrating the Imperial family

February

 * 1 Celebration to Auli, and Galene
 * 5 Celebration to Mageia, and Nourmenia, officially first day of spring
 * 13-22 Commemoration of ancestors and the dead among families, businesses are closed at sunset, weddings, and sales of property, are forbidden during this time
 * 15 Rituals conducted to ward off evil spirits and purify ones home
 * 17 Rituals and offerings made to ask for protection and health of pregnant women, and unborn children
 * 21 Rituals and offerings made to the gods and servants of the Underworld
 * 22 At sunset on the 22nd, families gather to celebrate typically with potlucks, familial love and a spirit of forgiveness
 * 23 Celebration to honor Hexerius and Areius and ask that they continue to preserve the territory of and watch over the borders of the Imperium
 * 24 Festival honoring people who have accepted the Zahavan faith and converted, honoring of native Avalonian refugees who have fled to the Imperium
 * 27 Horse and chariot racing festival dedicated to Hexerius, and Karsius

March

 * 1 Ceremonies carried out by the Ecclasiarchs to bless the Imperium, and ensure divine protection for all its citizens
 * 7 Festival and ceremonies carried out in honor of Tempestus, asking for his divine protection from natural disasters
 * 9 Festival and games to honor Notos and Caphan
 * 14 Horse and chariot racing festival dedicated to Hexerius, and Karsius
 * 15 Large communal feasts and festivals celebrating Chalkos, and asking for continued prosperity
 * 16-17 Festival and games to honor Dersius
 * 19 Festival celebrating children and childbirth, celebration honoring women
 * 23 Ceremony where the Primogenitor, with the Magister Bellatorius inspects the armed forces ensuring they are prepared for War, historical mark to the start of the campaign season
 * 24 Festival and ceremonies meant to honor Talitha, goddess of fate. It is customary for lawyers to offer free drafting of wills on this date
 * 31 Festival and ceremonies to honor Taktos

April

 * 1-3 Festivals, games, feasting, and public orgies honoring Orexes, goddess of temptation and desire
 * 4-10 Series of games honoring Karsius, historically the Kharmideian Games would occur during this time
 * 12-19 Festivals, ceremonies, honoring Nourmenia and celebration of good harvests
 * 13 Ceremonies and festivals honoring Noctillius, giving thanks for the sun being allowed to rise again
 * 15 Ceremonies and sacrifices made to Abedia to ensure continued nourishment from the earth
 * 21 Festival of celebration of freedom marks the end of slavery in Zahava
 * 25 Festival and ceremonies to Morbidios, asking to protect the people and the years crops from disease
 * 29 Ceremonies of purification, day of forgiveness

May

 * 1 Festival to and exclusively for women and honoring them, only women may attend
 * 3 Festival to mark the beginning of the wet season, honoring Caphan, Notos, and Tempestus
 * 9 Ceremonies and rituals to honor family ancestors
 * 11 Ceremonies and festivals honoring brotherhood, citizens of the Imperium
 * 13 Ceremonies and rituals to cleanse and purify the temples and shrines throughout the Imperium
 * 15 Festival and ceremonies to honor Zahavan members of the Ecclesia, ask for the gods protection of missionaries
 * 20 Celebration honoring those who have died defending, or in the service of the Imperium or her allies
 * 21 Festival, rituals, games, and ceremonies honoring all members of the Imperial government
 * 25 Ceremonies carried out by the Magos and Ecclasiarchs, reading of the signs and portents to predict the fortune of the Imperium

June

 * 1 Festival and games to honor Tiberias
 * 3 Festival and games to celebrate fisherman, and hunters
 * 5 Festival for the birthday of Zahavarius
 * 7 Festival, ceremonies, and games to honor Galene, popular wedding day in the Imperium
 * 8 Ceremonies to re-commemorate shrines and temples across the Imperium and abroad
 * 10 Festivals to and exclusively for honoring men, only men may attend
 * 11 Games, festivals, ceremonies honoring the various national sports teams
 * 13 Festivals, games, and public orgies celebrating ones sexuality
 * 15 Festivals and ceremonies honoring educators and scholars
 * 19 Celebration and drinking festivals, meant to honor mythological creatures and Zahavan myths and legends
 * 20 Festival and ceremonies to Hosautos, asking for him to continue keeping the spirits of the dead in the underworld
 * 22 Celebration and Festival in honor of Karmia, mother to Zahavarius
 * 24 Festivals and fairs honoring farmers and other rural traditions
 * 25 Festivals and celebrations seeking good luck and fortune from the gods
 * 27 Celebration and drinking festivals honoring those whom have received the rites of Jus Aetherius
 * 29 Ceremonies of Purification, day of forgiveness

July

 * 1 Festivals honoring the arrival of the Iapetus sea peoples, and proto Zahavan civilizations
 * 5 Celebrations and Festivals for Areius, and to honor the animals used for sacrifices
 * 8 Games honoring the coronation of Primogenitor Argentius
 * 11 Festival and military parade ceremony
 * 13-18 Series of markets and fairs, celebrations of community and regional celebrations
 * 20-30 Games, festivals, and ceremonies honoring Alkimos Reighden
 * 25 Festivals, fairs, and games honoring past Primogenitors, and other heroes of the Imperium
 * 27 Festivals and ceremonies honoring Zelos, doctors and medical professionals
 * 29 Festivals and rituals to Ecarus
 * 30 Commencement ceremony at the conclusion of games honoring Reighden the Magnus

August

 * 1 Festivals and ceremonies honoring youths, particularly those who are seen as transitioning from childhood to adulthood
 * 3 Sacrifices to the gods, thanking them for a good harvest
 * 5 Ceremonies and Festivals asking for the gods, particularly Taktos to forgive those whom have been convicted of crimes and are imprisoned
 * 9 Festivals, games, and ceremonies honoring laborers and workers
 * 11-14 Series of markets and fairs, celebration of entertainers
 * 15 Festival and Ceremonies honoring Auli
 * 17 Ceremonies and festivals to honor ones parents, or grandparents
 * 21 Sacrifices conducted to ward off bad omens, or evil spirits
 * 23 Rituals and ceremonies to Tiberias, asking for a bountiful sea
 * 25 Ceremonies honoring those lost at sea
 * 27 Ceremonies commemorating the first act of Jus Aetherius
 * 28 Ritual and ceremonies of mourning for those who have died to plague, or disease

September

 * 1 Festival and games honoring all the gods and goddesses
 * 3 Festivals to honor good will towards ones neighbors
 * 5 Ceremonies and Rituals conducted to cleanse and purify the Imperial estates
 * 8 Games and festivals honoring Abedia, typically day of planting trees or other plants
 * 10-14 Games, local Markets and Fairs
 * 17 Games and festivals to honor students
 * 19 The Ecclesia meet to elect the new members whom will become the Magos
 * 22 Festival and ceremonies commemorating the end of the Zahavan civil war in 1904
 * 24-26 Games and festivals honoring the achievements of Zahavan inventors and engineers, honor to Dersius
 * 29 Day set aside for citizens to file their taxes
 * 30 Day of remembrance and to honor the rebuilding of the Imperium after the Khanate conquests

October

 * 1 Ceremonies and rituals dedicated to oaths, trust, and honesty to the gods and among ones neighbors and family
 * 4 Rituals carried out to cleanse ones conscious, day of confession
 * 5 Ceremonies and rituals dedicated to interpretation of dreams
 * 7-10 Days of fasting, to promote purity of ones soul
 * 11 Feast and festival celebrating the successful cleansing of the soul
 * 12 Ceremony and rituals conducted were the weapons of soldiers are purified and blessed by Hexerius
 * 13 Rituals carried out to cleanse villages, towns, and cities
 * 15 Festival and celebration dedicated to brewers and other alcoholic beverages
 * 17 Ceremony where libations of the newest fruit wines were given to shrines and temples across the Imperium
 * 19 Primogenitor's day, where the Imperial government, or Primogenitor gives gifts to all citizens
 * 21 Military parade and games
 * 23 Day of horse and chariot racing to honor Hexerius, and thank him for his aid in conquests
 * 24 Festival and games honoring the Imperial guard, Imperial guard units only parade
 * 25 Markets and Fairs, honoring local businesses
 * 27 Day of remembrance, homes, and streets decorated to resemble the underworld
 * 28 Rituals and ceremonies conducted to purify all cemeteries and tombs
 * 31 Festival, ceremonies and games honoring Mortarius and the spirits of the underworld, believed to be day when spirits can exist in mortal plane

November

 * 2-8 On these dates new members of the Synedrion, the Zahavan senate are elected
 * 5 Festival of love celebrating marriage of Abedia and Ecarus
 * 12 Celebration honoring the Imperial Armed Forces

December

 * 2 Festivals and fairs commemorating the day Ecarus and Abedia created the divine kingdom and gave life to their children
 * 16-27 Festivals, fairs, and ceremonies dedicated to the celebration and honoring of all gods and goddesses in the Zahavan pantheon both major and minor

Sanctorus Sanguis
Sanctorus Sanguis (lit: Divine Blood) is the belief that the Emperor or Empress of the Empire is of Divine descent. Zahavan's believe and Imperial law states, that for a ruler's claim to the throne to be legitimate they must be declared to posses Sanctorus Sanguis. The belief stems from the story that the founder of the Kingdom of Zahva, Zahavarius was the offspring of Areius, ruler of all the divines.

At birth all potential heirs to the throne are examined by the chief priests who, through prayer and ritual will determine if the child does in fact share divine lineage or not.

Jus Aetherius
Jus Aetherius (To make Heavenly) is the practice by which the Emperor/Empress or the chief priests of the Zahavan temple declare an individual to be divine, it is typically an honor afforded to persons posthumously although historically the honor has been given to living persons throughout history. Usually to military commanders, or soldiers for extraordinary acts of valor and courage.

Sacrifice
According to the Epitoma Aiona Sacrifice reinforced the powers and attributes of divine beings, and inclined them to render benefits in return. Sacrifices to household deities might include offering in season fruits and wine, food dropped to the floor during a family meal, or the pouring of water or scented oils at the base of the household altar. To ward off malicious entities a midnight offering of water, and honey with bread may be offered.

Animal Sacrifice
Animal Sacrifice is considered to be the most potent offering to the divine. Typically domesticated animals would be use, such as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs. Sacrificial animals come from a special stock, cared for by the priests. Prior to sacrifice the animal would be inspected, cleansed, purified by prayer and anointed with oils, and adorned with the proper regalia. In order for a sacrifice to be deemed acceptable the animal must remain calm and be dispatched quickly and cleanly, failure to meet those conditions was considered a great insult to the divine and would result in a minimum of thirty days of purification and the community asking the divines for forgiveness.

Sacrifices to the gods of the divine kingdom would be done in daylight, in public and the sex of the animal would match the gender of the god or goddess the sacrifice was to. At the conclusion of a successful sacrifice a great banquet would be held, with some form of iconography of the chosen deity taking the place of honor at the banquet table. After the innards of the sacrifice were deemed pure they would be specially seasoned with blessed oils, spices and herbs and perhaps some wine and cooked. Once cooked the innards would be placed in a special altar which would be placed in front of the deity's iconography and burned in a ceremonial fire, this was believed to be the divine consuming the offering. The rest of the meat from the sacrifice would be shared among those in attendance as part of the communal meal.

Sacrifices to the gods of the underworld or to the dead would be done at night, in more private rituals, with no banquet to follow. Generally these sacrifices would be burned upon specially constructed pyres and as the sacrifice burned a series of prayers and rhythmic chants, would be recited while an artifact, symbol, or other representation of the deity the offering was for is processed around the pyre until the fire goes out.

Sacrifices to the heros and others whom had been deified would be conducted during the day, or night, depending on which realm the hero served and would have animals that were pregnant. These sacrifices would be accompanied with song, typically made up of verses that retold the heros life story and their honorable deeds and greatest accomplishments. These songs would typically be accompanied with rhythmic chants and prayer as well the burning of candles or torches.

Sacrifices may be done both at times of great thanks, or as an expiation of a sacrilege or potential sacrilege in order to avoid divine retribution. A sacrifice may also be offered as a form of advanced payment, in order to curry more favor with the divine before a monumental event or to preemptively seek forgiveness to an offense. Sacrifice may also be done as a means to gain divine consideration and accompany a vow so as to avoid the inconvenient delays of a journey, or encounters with banditry, piracy and shipwreck, with due gratitude to be rendered on safe arrival or return. During times of great crisis the Ecclasiarchy may direct all citizens of the empire to move in processions from one temple or shrine to another stopping to supplicate the divine.

Prayers, Oaths and Vows
All rituals, festivals, sacrifices, and other religious events required an accompanying prayer to be effective. Public prayers are offered loudly and clearly by a priest on behalf of the community. Prayer alone is believed to hold independent power with the gods, and thus prayer is considered the single most potent religious action, and knowledge of the correct verbal formulas the key to efficacy. Even prayer by an individual done privately was emulative, a recitation rather than a personal expression, though the specific passage or phrase selected by the individual would be for a particular personal purpose or occasion.

Public religious ritual had to be enacted by specialists and professionals faultlessly; a mistake might require that the action, or even the entire festival, be repeated from the start or in some cases considered a failure and cancelled. The latter would often result in severe punishment for the Ecclesiarchy involved.

Vows are usually a promise made to a deity, usually an offer of sacrifices or a votive offering in exchange for benefits received.

Afterlife and Funerals
Zahavans believe that where your soul goes in the afterlife is directly tied to your actions and choices made during your lifetime. Upon death all souls are transported to the Terrenum Mortarium where the god of the Underworld, Mortarius judges the souls and then sorts them into the different regions of his realm.

Terrenum Mortarium
Terrenum Mortarium, (lit Realm of Moratrius) is the realm where Mortarius, god of the underworld reigns. The Terrenum Mortarium is broken up into four distinct sub regions each with a specific overall theme and specific criteria met for the souls residing in them

The first, the Abyss of Barbarus is the area of the underworld dedicated to those who did not live a good moral life. Criminals, cowards, traitors, and those who committed other dishonorable acts in life are cast here by Mortarius, where they will be tortured for all eternity by the twins Tamar and Tarath for their sins in life. To further torment the souls trapped in Barbarus in between the acts of horror and brutality they are forced to endure they shall be able to gaze upon the Hall of tranquillitas, and see what eternity could have awaited them had they not made the dishonorable choices they did in life.

The second region of Terrenum Mortarium is the plain of Runia, here souls of the apathetic, lazy, unmotivated will wander endlessly, haunted by visions of what their lives could have been, and of their missed opportunities and failures.

The third and most dreaded plane is the eye of terror, here the apparitions of Mortarius roam the immaterium freely, souls sent here must run for the lives lest they be devoured by the demonic fiends that roam the plane, to have ones soul destroyed is considered the worst possible fate a Zahavan can have, having ones soul lost to the immaterium is to lose the ability of ever achieving repentance for ones transgressions, and is believed to bestow bad omens upon ones family.

The last region of the Terrenum Mortarium is the Hall of tranquillitas, here souls who led a good life, were honorable, and who accomplished their duties to family, state, and to the gods will reside. In tranquillitas food, drink, and festivities are endless there is no suffering or conflict and souls will enjoy the company of their loved ones and live a life of luxury.

Villa Mageiaus
In death not all souls are transported immediately to the Terrenum Mortarium, some those who have unfinished work, or whom died young or unexpectedly go to the Villa Mageiaus. Here souls await transport to Terrenum Mortarium and final judgement, or in the case of infants who have died they are cared for by acolytes of the goddess Mageiaus, whom gave birth to all Humanity.

Other souls in the Villa Mageiaus are believed to have unfinished business, such as those who were murdered, mothers who died in childbirth and have not yet seen their children, the last group of Souls who reside in the Villa Mageiaus are those whom have lived mostly honorable lives but must first atone for sins minor enough to not warrant eternity in Barbarus or the plain of Runia but severe enough to not warrant immediate entry into Hall of tranquillitas, such as a habitual liar

Genus Areium
The Genus Areium, (lit Family of Areius) is the seperate afterlife reserved for those individuals who have been through the process of Jus Aetherius, or deification. Zahavans believe those whom have Sanctorus Sanguis or whom have been through Jus Aetherius do not posses mortal souls, and are themselves divine beings. Thusly when these people die they are believed to instead join the god king Areius in the kingdom of the divines where they will be rewarded and live in grandeur and luxury that far surpasses that found in the Hall of tranquillitas. Those souls who reside in the Genus Areium are also presumed to watch over and protect the empire, ensuring its existence for all eternity.

Funerals
The Zahavan funeral is an ancient, deeply religious tradition adhered to by most Zahavans. A typical funeral would consist of a special gathering at the home among family members, where offerings and prayers would be made to the gods and for the deceased. The deceased's body would also be prepared, by specially trained religious figures and their assistants, among wealthy families it was also common for a death mask to be made at this time, which would then be given to a sculptor who would use the mask to carve a statue or bust of the deceased to be used as a placed in the family home, typically in the front atrium or garden.

The body would the be placed upon a special gurney and carried by family members, and priestesses and a priest from the cult of Mortarius escorting the procession to the designated resting place. If the family was wealthy they may own a private family tomb and cemetery. For those not wealthy enough the public cemeteries existed, and families could pay for family tombs within the public grounds. The poorest individuals would have to use public tombs for their loved ones remains.

As the procession made its way to the cemetery the priestesses and priest would recite prayers and chants while the family members carried the body and offerings to be used as libations and other gifts for the gods, in hopes that the deceased would be found in the gods favor before judgement. At the end of the procession the body was typically placed upon a special altar or pyre and burned, the ashes then placed in a jar, blessed by the priest of Moratrius and any other religious figure the family or deceased had wished and interred in the family tomb. For more wealthy or important individuals the body may be kept intact and placed within an elaborately decorated sarcophagus and placed within the family tomb.

In the military, if deployed or for those who fell in battle when possible the body or bodies are collected and burned on large pyres together. This symbolizes that even in death those who died in battle are still connected to their brothers in arms, the pyre is looked over by surviving members of the formation while a chief priest recites prayers and chants to Mortarius and Hexerius for the fallen's safe passage into the afterlife. The ashes are then collected into special urns, blessed by members of the ecclasia and transported to be given to the families of the dead.