Agrana y Griegro

The United Kingdom of Agrana y Griegro ( : Reino Unido de Agrana y Griegro), is a  located in southwest Artemia, in Anterra. Mainland Agrana y Griegro traditionally spans the Tiberian peninsula and the island of Agrana, which divides the Iapetus Ocean and the Eurybian Sea. The United Kingdom shares borders with Teutonenland to the North and is bathed by the Eurybian to the east and the Iapetus Ocean to the west. The country covers an approximate 550,515 sq. km and is home to a population of over 46 million.

Agrana and Griegro is a unique type of. Unlike in most countries classified as such, the monarch is both the and  and wields significant power, being an integral part of the day to day running of the government. The current monarch is Queen Isabella II, crowned on August 9th, 2009. Its capital and largest city is Monte Real, an important cultural and economic center in southern Artemia, with an urban population of over 12 million.

The modern United Kingdom emerged as a single national entity in 1323, when the Kingdoms of Agrana and Griegro, already ruled by a sucession of personal unions beginning in the 11th century, were unified by the Treaty of Royal Unity (Spanish: Tratado de la Real Unidad), which declared the United Kingdom the "indivisible union of the territories under the jurisdiction of the crowns of Agrana and Griegro". Throughout history the treaty itself has been disputed by both means of arms and legal battles, but modern Agrana and Griegro is a largely unified and stable country.

Agrana and Griegro is a with a  and a very high. It still maintains some of its overseas territories and is a relevant regional partner, with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally.

History

 * First populated by Celts.
 * Conquered by notRoman Empire.
 * notRoman Empire falls.
 * The Caliphate invades all of the peninsula and island, except for the Duchy of Mozares.
 * 200 or so years of Caliphate rule.
 * Duchess of Mozares proclaims herself to be the reincarnation of the Virgin Mary. Performs miracles. Gathers large army.
 * Duchess leads the first part of the Reconquista. Founds the Kingdom of Griegro.
 * Descendants continue Reconquista. Found the Kingdom of Agrana.
 * Personal Unions.
 * Unification.

Islands
Agrana and Griegro also includes the Mariana, Malajon, Alegre and Las Palmas islands, along its east coast, in addition to several smaller uninhabited islands, known as ("places of sovereignty", or territories under Agrana and Griegran sovereignty).

Politics
Tiberian politics is highly theocentrist, centered on the philosophical acknowledgement that God is the beginning of all things, not only as a creator but also as a lawmaker. Though distinct and independent as institutions, the Tiberian state and the Marian Church are not entirely separate. The Monarchy of Agrana and Griegro is a confessional state, with the Church enjoying political and economic support from the state and the state enjoying the pastoral support of the Church.

While the role of religion in politics is somewhat less than what is found in Tiperyn for instance, certain areas of public life, such as culture and especially education, are jointly controlled by the Crown and the Church.

Government
The government of Agrana and Griegro is led by the monarch, Queen Isabella II, who acceded to the throne on August 9, 2009. While the monarch has de jure unlimited powers to govern, traditionally the monarchs are guided by a collective body of traditions, laws, decrees and jurisprudence known as the General Laws. At over 32,000 pages long, the General Laws are considered by some scholars to be one of the world's longest and most complex constitutions. It expressly places sovereignty exclusively with the Queen.

The General Laws specifies that the Queen must be chosen from among the descendants of the first queen, Mariana I. There is a complicated and drawn out set of requirements for eligibility to the Crown which may not be waived and the choice is subject to the subsequent approval of a succession council.

Tiberian politics embrace a doctrine of integral and undivided public power; as such, there is no formal division into legislative, executive and judicial powers, as they are all ultimately vested on the Queen. While the monarch does, de jure, hold absolute powers to govern, traditionally the Queen can rule only within strict limits set principally by 3 factors: natural law as defined in divine order, the General Laws and the self-government of certain groups forming the society. While there is little precedent and no set process for it to happen, it is generally accepted that a monarch who reaches beyond these traditional limits becomes not only a tyrant but also a heretic and may be overthrown.

The Tiberian State is governed by the principle of subsidiarity, as set forth by the Marian Church, and generally only takes up duties which can not be effectively absorbed by intermediary bodies governing various social structures, in particular foreign policy, defense, some economic aspects and the administration of justice, with most other government functions being delegated to lower jurisdictions.

A bicameral parliament holds the power of the purse and is responsible for approving the State's budget, as set forth by the Queen, though monarchs have been known to use the separate Crown's treasury as means to keep the government running when the parliament fails to approve the proposal, and also as means to fund projects without the interference and oversight of the parliament. The parliament can also propose legislation to the Queen. In recent years most of the lawmaking burden has fallen on the parliament, with royal vetoes becoming ever rarer.

Although in theory the United Kingdom is an absolute monarchy, in practice most policy decisions are made in consultation with both the parliament and civil society, with purely autocratic decisions even being seen as taboo. It has been historically customary for the monarch to send decrees to the parliament for voting, ammendments and debate before signing them into law, and no decrees have been passed without the assent of Congress in recent years, although some scholars hold the opinion that in most cases the parliament serves mostly to rubberstamp the acts of the Crown.

Regional Autonomy
Tiberian political thought places heavy emphasis on regional and local autonomy and, as such, there is a high level of decentralization throughout modern Agrana and Griegro. Most provinces and cities, with the notable exception of those areas directly administered by the Crown, such as the city of Monte Real, enjoy a very high degree of self government, with policymaking centered on resolving local issues.

While this principle of autonomy has roots in the historical organization of pre-Christian Goidelic communities in Agrana and Griegro, it was fully embraced by Marian doctrine and thus, the Tiberian state, formalized first on an encyclical issued by Prima xxx on 1878 as a response to growing social conflict arising in the wake of the rapid industrialization of Agrana and Griegro and further reinforced by official Church doctrine throughout the years.

Royal Council
The Queen is assisted on the day-to-day running of the State by the Royal Council (Tib. Consejo Real). While most of the Council is appointed directly by and serves at the pleasure of the Queen, there is one major exception, as the Cortes have the right to appoint a representative.

Law and criminal justice
The administration of justice in the United Kingdom and its dependencies is an exclusive competency of the Crown, although it has been historically delegated to provincial magistrates. The Tiberian law system is a mixed system based both on a comprehensive body of legal codes and laws and uncodified traditions and precedent, sometimes set hundreds of years in the past. In addition to that, the Tiberian legal system still retains a number of royal instruments which carry the force of law. The overall workings of the Tiberian legal system are governed by several laws and decrees such as the Civil Procedure Code (Tb. Código de Procedimiento Civil) and the Penal Procedure Code (Tb. Código de Procedimiento Penal), as well as traditions and precedent set forth by the Tiberian General Laws.

Constitutional Principles
A series of legal reforms in 1892 has introduced a series of constitutional guarantees to ensure the fairness of the legal system:


 * Impartiality: guarantees the assured effective judicial trusteeship to all citizens by the Constitution, judges must remain impartial in cases that they judge and must abstain from cases in which they have conflicts of interest.
 * Independence: courts and tribunals are independent of all authority or people in the exercise of jurisdictional power with the exception of the Crown, from which all judicial authority stems.
 * Irremovability: judges and magistrates are irremovable and cannot be removed, suspended, separated or retired without cause, on the terms of the law.
 * Responsibility: judges and magistrates are personally responsible for their disciplinary infractions and crimes committed in the exercise of their office; this responsibility can only be required by the established legal disciplinary tract.
 * Legality: in the exercise of their jurisdictional functions, judges and magistrates are subject to the Constitution and to the rest of the laws as much as any other citizen.

Supreme Imperial Tribunal
The Supreme Imperial Tribunal (Tribunal Supremo Imperial) is the highest court of justice in Agrana and Griegro and generally the highest instance for most court cases in the land. It is composed of five chambers, each presided by a justice appointed by the Crown for life. Its rulings cannot be appealed in most cases, although the Crown reserves the right to hold Special Tribunals, presided by the Queen herself, which may overturn Supreme Tribunal rulings.

As a rule the Supreme Tribunal does not make factual analysis of any appeals, being responsible for reviewing only the applicability of law and procedure. The exceptions to these are cases that fall under its exclusive jurisdiction, such as treason. All cases pertaining to murder, which carries a theoretical mandatory death sentence, must also be reviewed by this court and it is the Supreme Tribunal who instituted the current de-facto ban on the death penalty in Agrana and Griegro. Since 1924 it has become customary for the Supreme Tribunal to commute all death sentences for murder into life inprisonment.

Regional Tribunals of Justice
The Regional Tribunals of Justice (Tb. Tribunales Regionales de Justicia) each have jurisdiction over a province, with the exception of the Tribunal de Justicia Ultramarino, which has jurisdiction over the collectivity of the Tiberian Overseas Possessions. These tribunals are collectively also known as "Second Instance Tribunals" (Tb. Tribunales de Segunda Instancia) and are courts of appeal, with the ability to review and overturn any decision made by the lower courts. Judgements at Regional Tribunals are always made by a panel of three judges.

Trial Courts
Each province is divided into several comarcas, which are judicial districts comprising one or more municipalities. Each comarca has at least one trial court with a titular judge and a substitute judge. In smaller comarcas it is customary to have one single chamber, with the presiding judge deciding alone on all civil and criminal cases. As in Agrana and Griegro all power emanates from the Crown, there is no institution of jury, with judges administering justice in the name of the Queen. Some larger comarcas, especially in metropolitan areas, might have different chambers dedicated to specific domains of law (such as divorce law, property law, criminal law, etc).

Monte Real Tribunal of Justice
The Monte Real Tribunal of Justice (Tb. Tribunal de Justicia de Monte Real) is the special legislative tribunal with jurisdiction over the Royal City of Monte Real. It is a Single Instance tribunal, meaning its rulings can only be appealed directly to the Supreme Imperial Tribunal, with several specialized chambers. It functions as a de-facto Second Instance Tribunal, with decisions being rendered by a panel of three judges.

Military
The Royal Armed Forces (: Fuerzas Armadas Reales) are the unified armed forces of the United Kingdom. It is commanded by the High Marshall of the United Kingdom (: Alto Mariscal del Reino Unido), currently Manuela Torres Covarrubias, subordinate to the Monarch. The FAR are divided into six services, namely the Terrestrial Service, Aerial Service, Naval Air Service, Naval Service, Logistics Service and Medical Service, all of which share the same ranks and administrative structure.

Most registered citizens are drafted into the military on the year they complete 18 years of age, with men and women alike serving for a period of two years and six months. Following mandatory service, all men and women are assigned to the Citizen Reserve (: Reserva Ciudadana) and usually do up to two weeks of reserve duty every year until their forties. There are several exemptions available, and those who are exempt are usually required to do up to two years of service with local civil defense corps. Owing to its extensive conscription program, the FAR currently have approximately 375,000 men and women in active duty, plus 2,336,000 reservists.

The United Kingdom does not possess nuclear weapons, thanks to a blanket ban on nuclear weapons instituted in 1956, following the xxx incident. It is known, however, that the country actively develops and stockpiles both chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction.

Economy
Agrana and Griegro is the xxth largest economy in Anterra and the xxth in Artemia, generating over 2.1 trillion Universal Standard Dollars of economic output in 2018. Of that, primary activities accounted for 9.1% or approximately 197.5 billion, secondary activities ammounted to 25.5% or approximately 554 billion and tertiary activities accounted for the vast majority, approximately 65.3% or 1.4 billion, characterizing it as a with a.

The is heavily invested in the country's economy, by way of the Royal Investment Company, arguably the largest company in Agrana and Griegro, with controlling stakes in several of the nation's largest enterprises and smaller stakes in hundreds of other companies, both in Agrana and Griegro and abroad. In 2018 the Royal Investment Company had an estimated 2.4 trillion in assets, making it the xxth largest holding company in the world.

Agranan brands like xxx and yyy have achieved international fame and are widely known as sector leaders.

Wholesale and Retail Trade is the largest economic activity in the United Kingdom, being responsible for approximately 14% of Agrana and Griegro's in 2018.

The country has moderate economic freedom, although the pervasiveness of government, a high degree of Royal control of the economy and a complex justice system with little separation of powers are often cited as major obstacles to be overcome. Its key trading partners as of 2019 are Jungastia, Tiperyn, Koryeo and Chezzetcook. The four together account for over 65% of all Agrana and Griegro trade balance. Jungastia in particular is the source of 78% of all Agranan oil imports. In contrast, the United Kingdom maintains strict embargoes and prohibitions against Teutonenland and Albel, although diplomatic and trade relations with the latter sometimes do happen. Due to recent events Alvakalia has also been added to the list of embargoed countries. The United Kingdom's economy is highly dependent on international trade.

The United Kingdom benefits from a large highly skilled workforce and is among the most educated countries in the world with one of the highest percentages of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree.

Despite a strong economy with high growth potential and few structural issues, the country is still seen with skepticism by many foreign investors due to its delicate strategic position and its belligerent posture towards its closest neighbors, particularly during times of military crises, which have a particularly adverse effect on Agranan financial markets. Low state debt and massive fiscal reserves have armored the local economy against various economic crises in the past.

Transportation and Energy
The United Kingdom has a technologically advanced transportation network, with high-speed railways, highways, bus routes, air routes and ferry services spanning virtually the entire country.

Ferrocarriles de Agrana y Griegro provides frequent and reliable train services to all major cities in the mainland. A high-speed rail system, Velox, provides high-speed service along the North-South Corridor. Major cities have well developed urban rapid transit systems and express bus terminals are available in most cities and in the countryside.

Agrana and Griegro's main gateway and largest airport is Queen Mariana International Airport, located outside Monte Real. It is one of Anterra's busiest airports in terms of passengers carried, serving as the sole hub for Transoceànica, the United Kingdom's flag carrier. It offers connections and direct flights to most countries in the world. It is also one of the main hubs for Transoceànica Cargo, one of the world's largest freight airlines.

Agrana and Griegro is a major energy importer, importing nearly all of its oil and natural gas. The country's fossil fuel consumption has, differently from many other developed nations, been steadily decreasing since the 1970s with the gradual but aggressive shift from fossil fuel power plants towards nuclear and renewable sources. Nuclear power generation has, since the early 2000s, become the primary source of electricity for the national grid, with a moratorium on the construction of new hydroelectric dams due to environmental concerns.

The vast majority of Agrana and Griegro's oil imports come from Jungastia. Until recently, Alvakalia was also an important source, but following Alvakalia's unilateral withdrawal from the North-South Concordant and the ensuing trade war, an embargo has been placed on Alvak oil.