Tonkina

Tonkina (Tonkinese:တောင်ကြီမာ; Ainu: Tonkina; Manju:ᠲᠠᠦᠩᠺᠢᠨᠢ), officially the People's Kingdom of Taungkyina (Tonkinese:ပြည်သူ့နိုင်ငံ တောင်ကြီမာ) is a country in Northeast Kesh. Tonkina is bordered by Beifang and to its Southwest, Guurdalai to its South, and the Eurybian sea and the Tethys Ocean to its North and Northeast. With a size of 526275 km2, Tonkina is the Smallest of the Mainland East Keshan states by area. As of 2017, the population is about 125 million. Tonkina has been a member of the since 1987.

Early civilisations in Tonkina included the Piyu city-states in the coastal areas and the Tungustic kingdoms in Upper Tonkina. In the 9th century, the seafaring Ainu people entered the peninsula and, following a conflict that ended in the 1050s, all three cultures which are commonplace today became dominant in the country. The Tungustic Kingdom fell due to the Selengarian invasions and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Dulimbai dynasty with Beifang, the country was for a brief period the most populated nation in Mainland East Kesh. The early 17th-century Kyat dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Tonkina and briefly controlled Beiyue and Dornod as well. The Tiperyn North Kesh Company seized control of the administration of parts Tonkina after three Tiperyn-Tonkinese Wars in the 18th century and most of the country became a Tiperyn colony. Tonkina gained independence in 1901 following a brief war in which Tiperyn ceded all colonial claims except for the Realm City of Saikam.

In 1949, following a period of drought and famine, the Communist leader Abakai Wehiyehe Led a revolution and a Coup d'etat that overthrew the Monarchy and banished the Royal family to Akiteiwa. During this period, the People's Democratic Republic of Taungkyina was subject to massive cultural and economic changes. During the "Mankind Initiative", a mostly failed attempt at rapid industrializaton, an estimated 10 million people died of various causes such as starvation, drought, and natural disasters. The communist regime collapsed in 1987 after a foreign-backed revolution saw the overthrow of the government and the re-establishment of a constitutional monarchy.

Economy
Tonkina is an emerging economy and is considered by many to be a newly industrialised country. Tonkina had a 2017 GDP of US$2.513 trillion (on a purchasing power parity basis). In addition, Tonkina is the smallest economy in East Kesh. Tonkina does not rank very high on the per capita scale of GDP, Ranking at one of the lowest in the region. Tonkina also has a large income disparity due to the urban, industrial population being far wealthier than the rural, agrarian population.

Tourism makes up about 6% of the country's economy. Tonkina is the third most visited country in East Kesh in 2019, according to the Anterra Tourism Organisation. Tourism is very popular in Tonkina due to the relatively low cost of goods, the abundance of natural sites and the close proximity to wealthy Artemian nations such as Yarova. When including the indirect effects of tourism, it is said to account for 15.2 percent of Tonkina's GDP.