Yarova

Yarova (: Яровая, : Ярова, : яравая), officially the United Federated Districts of Yarova (UFDY) (: Объединенная Федерация Яроваи, : Об'єднана Федерація Яров'ка, : Аб'яднаная Федэрацыя яравская), is a located in Eastern Artemia. With an overall surface area of just over 1,162,016 square kilometres, Yarova is the sixth largest nation in the world. The capital of Yarova is Shchyokhov (1,767,209), and its largest city is the nearby Chaykoboksarsk, which boasts a population of 11,870,752. Other major, with populations of five million or more, are Minerinsk-Belgorod (9,174,906), Cheskovsk (7,440,077), Yumarapol (7,215,559), Kogalma (6,540,430), Khanskoye-Chirbent (5,988,316), and Borisopol (5,110,620.)

The sovereign state that is now Yarova was first unified in a loose confederation of tribes in the late-9th century, in a political entity most commonly known today by historians as Ljudia. The tribes later gradually disbanded into three distinct groups by the mid-13th century – Yarova, Peremorovka and Kryzhelovshchina – yet maintained close trade and diplomatic relations, and interaction of populations. It was not for another four centuries, in 1692 CE, until Yarova was again unified politically with Peremorovka. The differences between the two Slavic cultures gave way for occasional conflict, however, the union remained a popular concept in the wake of greater regional upheavals. Although the Yarovan-Peremorovkan union was through dynastic marriage, the Dzyunakaz Plateau was heavily, and forcibly, planted by the Yarovars from 1633 CE onwards, and Kryzhelovshchina was acquired in a military campaign in 1734 CE. The indigenous Caucasian and Turkic cultures, and the whose South Tethys homeland was annexed in 1815 CE, suffered sharp decay during the monarchical era but observed a resurgence following the royal family's ousting in 1926 CE.

Since then, Yarova has presented a vision of liberal democracy across the globe and is generally perceived to be among the world's most progressive nations. The United Federated Districts is a federal presidential constitutional republic and, in 2015, elected its first female and non-indigenous president, Konstantina Grigorievna. Grigorievna, and her predecessor Nikita Chekudayev, have pushed forward a radical reformist platform which includes narrowing income disparity and implementing environmentalist initiatives to combat. Yarova is a founding member of the International Pact on Defeating Climate Change (IPDCC) and funds a string of non-profit environmentalist organisations.

Etymology
The name Yarova is directly derived from the word Яровая (yarovaya) meaning 'spring.' Thus, many etymologists attribute Yarova's name to mean 'land of spring', and some go further theorising it to be in relation to the country's mild climate - although this is regarded as tenuous by most. It is more widely accepted that the name was passed on to the modern sovereign state by an East Slavic tribe that inhabited the region which identified by the endonym Yarovsky. Manuscripts which have survived dating from the 6th century CE reinforce the aforementioned conceptualisation, with mention of the tribe. A similar etymological theory has been applied to Peremorovka.

East Slavic Confederation of Ljudiya
The East Slavic confederation known as Ljudiya, which existed from the late-9th century to the mid-13th century CE, is commonly accepted to be the political entity from which the Yarovan Empire would emerge. The, , and all claim the Ljudiyans as their cultural ancestors. Ljudiya was reigned over by the Oleg dynasty, also referred to as the ‘Olegids.’ Ljudiya derives its name from the  ljudьje meaning “men” or “people.” Piter the Pious introduced  to the  Ljudiyans, following his own baptism and a subsequent decree which extended the religion to the inhabitants of the confederation and elsewhere in Eastern Artemia. The state began to decline towards the end of the 11th century and through the course of the 12th century CE owing to the disintegration of several rival regional powers and also economic factors, such as the collapse of commercial ties with allied empires. The fall of Ljudiya was finally brought about in 1236 CE, and saw the separation of the East Slavs into the three distinctive nations of Yarova, Peremorovka, and Kryzhelovschina.

Vojiskiy Imperial Era
The Vojiskiy Empire is an unofficial appellation used by modern-day historians for the territories in Eastern Artemia which were under the rule of the influential royal House of Vojiskiy from 1510-1926 CE. Officially named the Yarovan Empire, it initially centred around the historic region of Greater Golitsyna, with the royal seat located in the city of Svogda, until 1692 CE when it was moved to Shchyokhov. Over time, through conquest and dynastic marriages, it would go on to include Peremorovka (1692), Kryzhelovschina (1734), the ethnically-diverse Dzyunakaz Plateau (1633), and the South Tethys islands of Latanga (1815.) The Empire was divided into as many as 106 subdivisions, historically, (under the authority of a religious ), ,  (landgraviates),  (countships) and  (literally order of units.)  The term  (governorate) was adopted after the Plantation of the Dzyunakaz, an organised colonisation of Yarova's south-east by ethnic Yarovar settlers beginning in 1633 CE during the reign of Emperor Yaroslav IV. Such subdivisions, with the exception of the razryads and the guberniya, possessed which granted them a level of self-governance.

The mass migration of Yarovars to the greater Dzyunakaz region intensified in the early 18th century CE, in accordance with the demands of Emperor Yaroslav VI, who was particularly resentful of the ethnic diversity of the south. However, reports began to emerge of Yarovar settlers intermarrying with Yelerinsk Turkmen (Trukhmens) and Adygeyan populations, which Yaroslav VI infamously referred to as the “hybridisation and bastardisation of the Empire.” was prohibited by imperial decree in 1705 CE, as was, the religion of the majority of indigenous peoples. Following a succession of violent conflicts from 1708-1714 CE known as the First Dzyunakaz War, the Vojiskiy Empire had entirely consumed and disintegrated the respective nationstates of Adygeya, Kabarda, Balkariya and Trukhmenskaya. Historians estimate some 500,000 Adygeyans, Kabardins, Balkars, and Trukhmens were slaughtered in acts of Vojiskiy-perpetrated genocide during this period, and a further 380,000 were killed in engaged combat against the Yarovan aggressor. The Second Dzyunakaz War followed shortly after in 1716 CE, and saw the Vojiskiy invasion of the Kartveliyan protectorate of. The conflict lasted for fourteen years, as the Kingdom of Kartveliya, along with their and  allies, managed to hold back advancing Vojiskiy forces. The aforementioned entities eventually admitted defeat after the devastating Battle of Khankalgorod in June 1730 CE.

Citing concerns of a republican within the Empire’s own borders, owing to the rise in popular support of radical republican figures such as Nikita Dmitrievich and Gima Dadei, Yarova entered the Great War on the side of Vallis’ monarchical establishment on 8 July, 1920 CE.

Following the Trials of Yumarapol (16 April, 1924 CE), which involved the internment and execution of more than 650 vocal republican advocates in the city of the same name, riots broke out in several key locations across the Empire against the Imperial Government. Emperor Fridrik II declared four days later on 12 July, which was met by an organised response by republican rebels which styled themselves as the Republican Front (Республиканский фронт.) Large sections of the Imperial Armed Forces (Имперские Вооруженные Силы) staged a mutiny shortly afterwards, purportedly due to inadequate resources and unsatisfactory treatment of comrades on the frontlines in Western Artemia. The Empire was engulfed into a civil war (sometimes referred to as the Vojiskiy War), agreed by most historians to have begun following a confrontation between loyalist Imperial soldiers and guerrilla rebel combatants at a barracks in Oretsk, a town 12 kilometres south-east of Shchyokhov, on 21 July, 1924 CE. It was at this point that the Empire felt it necessary to withdraw from the war effort in Western Artemia.

By the autumn of that year, the Republican Front abandoned guerrilla warfare tactics in favour of open engagement, as could be afforded to them after merging with the military mutineers and ethnic minority secessionists, particularly the active in Kropokhovo and Pozdnyakovskaya. The last and most deadly guerrilla incident was a bombing in the of Chaykoboksarsk, which claimed the lives of 53 people and injured hundreds more. Notable milestone battles and encounters in the civil war took place at Pyatilovka, Voskrelchik, Zatish’ye, Kineshin and at Shchyokhov’s Imperial Palace which was stormed on 13 January, 1926 CE. The Vojiskiy Empire collapsed following the victory of the Republican Front and their allies. The day after the palace was stormed and the royal family were detained, the United Federated Districts of Yarova was founded upon a national democratic constitution. Emperor Fridrik II was put on trial and sentenced to death, eventually executed on 17 June, 1926 CE. However, Empress consort Inessa and her two young sons, crown princes Yashya and Jora, were granted an expulsion warrant. This ordered them to leave the country under alternative identifications; their whereabouts have never been disclosed by the Yarovan government and many conspiracy theories persist in Yarovan popular culture to this day.

Geography
Yarova territorially occupies much of Eastern Artemia (with a land area of 290,504 square kilometres.) Most of the south-east of the country is situated along the coastal front of the Sea of Irkutsk (Иркутское море); within which, Yarova claims 7,230 square kilometres of. More than 875 islands and islets are recognised as being under the possession of Yarova – most notably, the heavily urbanised islands of Ostrov Pylëvo and Ostrov Ulyagir, as well as the dispersed and uninhabited archipelago of Ostrova Khalturiny. The northern fringe of Yarova is dominated by vast and the Karbykan mountains, home to the state’s highest elevated point Mount Alëshenka (Алешенка), which stands at an imposing 4,556 metres above sea level and earned the local nickname ‘king of the east.’ Whereas central and southern Yarova features rolling hills with gentle slopes,, and  grasslands. The climate of Yarova, using the Köppen climate classification system, can be divided into five groups: subarctic in the north, dry-summer subarctic in the north-east, warm-summer humid continental across the midlands and south, hot-summer humid continental in the south-east and coastal region, and cold semi-arid in the south-west.

Given the low population density in much of the country, Yarova provides crucial natural habitat for numerous species of plants and animals. The diversity of Yarova’s flora and fauna is widespread, given the varied ecosystems of subarctic mountains, swamps and prairies. According to official statistics by the Federal Agency for National Parks, there are 74 protected wildlife sanctuaries scattered across the federated districts. The largest, Dhomozakhov National Park, is 5,322 square kilometres in size and is located in the oblasts of Smirnova, Srednikovo and Irinovskiy. Most of the national parks are closed to the general public for 50 weeks of the year and, under the law, are heavily under surveillance by park rangers. In the north, given the harsher climate, there are many fur-bearing animals, to name just a few:, , , , and. The was once an integral part of Yarovan culture and society but was banned after a fierce nationwide debate in 1997.

The Sea of Irkutsk supports a multitude of fish species and other forms of aquatic life. The biodiversity present in Irkutsk is indeed rich. Commercial fisheries in the sea support fish such as, , , , , and. A large number of whale species also inhabit the sea and neighbouring area, such as, , , , , , and. After centuries of an unceasingly intense whaling trade among Yarovars, the whale populations suffered dramatically and have declined 80%. The indigenous numbered some 18,000 whales just two centuries ago, but at an estimated population of about 35 today, they are now the rarest in the world. Conservation efforts to protect the remaining whale populations has been called a “significant national priority” by the Yarovan government. Other marine mammals in the waters surrounding Yarova include, sea lions, walruses and.

Politics
The United Federated Districts of Yarova is a federal republic with both a presidential and unicameral system. The federated districts possess their own level of autonomy from the federal government, with substantial powers on fiscal, educational, medical and transport affairs. However, on matters of defence, foreign policy and trade, the government at the Free City of Shchyokhov practise complete control. Shchyokhov, itself, is home to both the national parliament and a municipal-level legislature. The grounds of the Surkov Palace (Дворец сурков) near downtown Shchyokhov, where the national parliament is located, is legally considered to be the Yarovan capital territory. At a height of 84 metres, an area of 365,000 m2 and having a volume of 2,550,000 m3, the Surkov Palace is the largest parliament building in the world and the world's fourth largest building. Despite its tremendous size, the palace is composed of just a single legislative house (albeit a large one), known as the House of Representatives (палата представителей.) The House of Representatives currently has 510 seats; roughly one parliamentarian per 200,000 Yarovars.

The largest, ruling party in Yarova is the Democratic Socialists and Progressives (DSP) (Демократические социалисты и прогрессисты), which occupies 232 seats in the House of Representatives - 23 seats below the 255 needed to secure a majority government. The DSP have been in a coalition with the Ecology Party (EP) (Экология партии) since 2010. The second largest party which participates as the official opposition, the Conservative Party, has observed a dramatic explosion in membership in the past few years. The Conservative's more right-wing allies, the Yarovar National Defence Front, have also experienced this phenomenon; with a gain of 16 seats in the last nationwide election. The sharp rise of right-wing populism in Yarova has been viewed by many political analysts as a natural response by the population to the perceived growing threat of Skandera. However, as the situation stands, left-wing remains largely resilient and dominates the Yarovan political landscape.

Traditionally, throughout the 20th century, the Christian Alliance Party (Христианский союз партии) and the now dismantled Republican Party (Республиканская партия) were the largest political parties in Yarova. In the 1960s and 1970s, Yarovan society undertook significant modernisation, embarking on a path to a more secularist, egalitarian outlook. The DSP and EP emerged from 'fringe politics' as credible players in the mainstream. In 1979, after years of decay, the Republican Party terminated its position on Yarova's official political party registry; the Conservative Party was established in its place. Whereas the Christian Alliance Party managed to hold on to a slim percentage of the middle-class vote, and its traditionalist heartlands in the Kropokhovo Oblast have kept the party afloat ever since.

Governance and administration
Following a landslide victory in the DSP's leadership contest in January 2015, Konstantina Grigorievna was elected as President of Yarova in the general election five months later. Grigorievna's presidential campaign was built upon the ideals popularised by her predecessors Chekudayev and Rodchenko, using the latter's celebrated slogan from the 2000's, "Healthcare Before Warfare." Grigorievna became the nation's first female president, as well as the first non-white leader in Yarova and indeed, Eastern Artemia. The current government is a coalition between Grigorievna's DSP and Isaak Nikishin Svoburg's EP, Nikishin Svoburg is and has been since 2010.

In accordance with the provisions set during coalition negotiations, three ministers of the government (not including Nikishin Svoburg) are representatives of the EP. The Minister for Climate Action and the Environment (Svyatoslav Uspensky), the Minister for Social Justice and Equality (Vadim Sazonov), and the Minister for Agricultural and Food Affairs (Vera Krivoukhova) are senior EP figures. The remaining nine ministerial posts are occupied by prominent parliamentarians of the DSP: Minister for National Security and Defence (Erik Meselev), Minister for Finance and Public Expenditure (Emma Louise Anrep), Minister for Education (Tatiana Sultanova), Minister for Healthcare and Child Protection (Natasha Rzhevskaya), Minister for Culture, Heritage and Minority Affairs (Sofia Trapeznikova), Minister for Transport and Communications (Yevstigney Gorshkov), Minister for Social Welfare (Emiliya Kolomnikova), Minister for Development, Infrastructure and Planning (Yuriy Kurakin), and Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade (Karolina Scheider.) Seven out of the twelve current Yarovan ministers are female, the highest ever seen - with Karolina Schneider the first ever minister in the world. Some nations overseas, and a small number of Yarovars, have protested Schneider's position in Yarova's highest diplomatic post; but the government issued a statement in her defence making it clear they are "unimaginably proud of Mrs. Schneider's achievements" and have "every molecule of faith in her expertise."

The Supreme Court of Yarova is the highest court in the United Federated Districts and is the final arbiter. Chief Justice Karl Shurgin has led the Supreme Court since 2011. Its nine members are nominated by the president at the advice of his/her cabinet and approved after consultation with nongovernmental legal bodies. Justices from the jurisdictions of federated districts may be promoted to superior posts, as was the case with Shurgin. The Supreme Court is situated adjacent to the House of Representatives within the Surkov Palace. All 29 federated districts follow Yarovan Law. Law enforcement, including criminal courts, is the responsibility of the districts and is only supervised by the federal government. As of 2017, only ten of the districts have armed police forces. On matters of national security and intelligence, the Federal Intelligence Agency (FRU) (Федеральное разведывательное управление) serves as the primary governmental organisation.

Administrative divisions
Yarova is divided into 29 contiguous federated districts and an overseas territory in the South Tethys called Ostrova Maugorod. Of those 29 federated districts, 8 are referred to as, or  (вольный город) in official government affairs. Currently, the 8 free cities are: Borisopol, Cheskovsk, Khanskoye-Chirbent, Kogalma, Minerinsk-Belgorod and Yumarapol. The remaining 21 are conversely known as (область.) At present, the oblasts are: Afonas'yevskiy, Bochinovka, Buguznogorsk, Golitsyna, Irinovskiy, Kamenka, Kellerovo, Khomustatskaya, Kropokhovo, Kryzhelovshchina, Leont'yevskaya, Otrada, Pozdnyakovskaya, Pivdenna Peremorovka, Pivnichna Peremorovka, Roslapeysk, Smirnova, Srednikovo, Sof'yanka, Yadryshkina and Yelerinsk. Though geographically much larger, the oblasts are markedly smaller population-wise than their municipal counterparts, with the largest oblast of Bochinovka having the lowest number of inhabitants (893,075.)

The municipal communities are further divided into boroughs (район), whereas the oblasts consist of counties (округ.) The districts each have their own respective legislative assemblies, though the passing of laws may be overruled by the federal government based in the Free City of Shchyokhov. The head of a district government is known as a.

The districts possess the right to secede from the Yarovan state, in the event a popular vote succeeds in a mandate to do so. Demand for such referenda is highest in the north-western districts, where nationalist parties are receiving a surge in support. A plebiscite on the independence of Peremorovka was held in 2013 (in both the Pivdenna and Pivnichna oblasts), however, the electorate voted 53.1% to remain in the union.

Foreign relations
In 2001, during the administration of Vladimir Rodchenko (2000-2005), the International Pact on Defeating Climate Change (IPDCC) was established. Since then, it has been signed by 31 states across the world, including Yarova. The Rodchenko administration was also responsible for the dismantling of the country's nuclear weapons programme in 2003 (eight bombs), making it the first in the world to decommission its own WMDs voluntarily. Following this, later that year, Yarova signed the (NPT.)

In December 2017, during a state visit by Brigantican president Joseph Robinette Riordan, the Yarovan government announced plans to assume membership of the League of Free Nations in 2018 - an intergovernmental organisation of common defence and co-operation, of which, Brigantica, Vallis and Legantus are also members.

Economy
The national economy of Yarova is rooted in the ideology of, particularly the variant described as the. The core in Yarovan governance, has, in recent years, heavily influenced the significant growth observed in the technological sector. Since 2012, Yarova has received 34.9 billion USD of investment in tech industries, which is, at present, the highest rate on the continent. The is also a large contributor to the Yarovan economy, accounting for up to 30% of the total Yarovan industry. Notable automobile manufacturing companies in the country include Mahk-Volkona, Shykzhuko, and Litvin. Litvin manufactured over 640,000 vehicles in 2016, which was a 42.7% increase from 2006; of those, 63% were exported overseas. The aforementioned companies, as well as smaller counterparts, have come under mounting pressure from the government to develop, which has had, thus far, mild success. The heightening popularity in carpooling, public transport, and cycling is expected to take a toll on the industry, therefore commitment in the field of green vehicle development is considered pivotal. In 2017, Shykzhuko collaborated with Litvin in the manufacturing of the Gorizont E-Class, which has already won a handful of awards for its eco-friendly mechanics.

The chemical and pharmaceutical industries are indeed central to the Yarovan economy. The second-largest producer of chemicals in the world, DKPK (Дыбенская химическая перерабатывающая корпорация), is of Yarovan origin and its headquarters is located in Khanskoye-Chirbent. The corporation employ over 65,000 workers worldwide and, in 2016, made sales of 51.1 billion USD. The sector has suffered slightly under newly implemented environmental regulations, but raw materials are now largely being imported and then refined at Yarovan treatment plants. Roughly a quarter of DKPK's products are supplied to the automotive industry, particularly performance plastics. Yarova is also a major producer of, various s, s, and resins.

In rural regions, the agricultural sector flourishes, and comprises of an estimated 8% of the overall Yarovar workforce. Dairy produce, as well as eggs, vegetables, and meats, such as beef, chicken, pork and goose, are exported and distributed across the country at sizeable rates annually. As of 2016, there were more than 910,000 commercial farms across Yarova, with a considerable concentration in the south. Agricultural conduct is monitored by the Ministry of Agricultural and Food Affairs, with close attention paid to good hygiene practice and humane treatment of livestock. (GMOs) are outlawed in Yarova, with the strict blocking of imports consisting of that nature. Fisheries have long been a central component of Yarova's economy, with a multitude of species still capitalised to this day. However, quotas are now firmly in place which limit the exploitation of fish populations in the Sea of Irkutsk.

All offshore oil rigs terminated operations in 2009, following the passing of the Environmental Protection and Countering of Climate Change Act, 2008 (Закон об охране окружающей среды и борьбе с изменением климата от 2008 года), and other methods of extracting raw materials have also declined significantly in the past decade. In 2010, and again in 2012, proposals were made by the Conservative Party to adopt (fracking), but the DSP rejected, claiming that it would not be beneficial in the long term. Quarrying and coal mining continues to take place in parts of Yarova, with the latter contributing to the nation's energy supply. However, the demand for has been soothed, owing to the expansion of renewable energy generation, such as,  and. 66.8% of Yarova's energy source is renewable; extensive efforts are currently underway to reach in or around 100% by 2040. The Grigorievna administration has already invested 40 billion USD to accomplish this goal, with the establishment of several large-scale wind farm projects. Yarova possessed eleven fully functioning nuclear power plants in the 20th century, but they were all closed down in the 1990s, amid fears of the safety risks after near-disasters abroad.

When compared with other nations, taxation in Yarova is relatively high: with corporate tax at 25%, income tax from 20%-55%, and at 25% for most goods and services, 12.5% for foods including restaurant bills and hotel packages and 6.25% for printed material, cultural services, and transport of private persons. Services such as healthcare and education are universal, and thus, can have no tax rate attached; though private education may have VAT of up to 20%.

Security and defence
Yarova’s military, the Federal Armed Forces of Yarova (Федеральные Вооруженные силы Яроваиский), comprises of the Land Forces, Air Force, Navy and Border Guard. In absolute terms, Yarovan military expenditure is the 17th highest in the world. In 2018, military spending was $29.75 billion, about 0.91% of the country’s GDP.

As of 2017, the Federal Armed Forces employed roughly 159,225 active personnel, including about 7,500 volunteers. Reservists are available to the Armed Forces and participate in defence exercises and deployments in coordination with the League of Free Nations. Since 1990, women may serve in all functions of service without restriction, as may openly gay and trans personnel, effected in 2001. Approximately 33,435 female soldiers are on active duty. There is no in Yarova. In peacetime, the Federal Armed Forces is commanded by the Minister for National Security and Defence. In a state of emergency, the President would become commander-in-chief of the Federal Armed Forces.

The role of the Federal Armed Forces is described in the Constitution of Yarova as defensive only, although a referendum held in May 2018 passed with 51.8% in favour of amending this in the second subsection of Article 18. The federal government are currently in the process of submitting a bill to the House of Representatives which will enable potential independent military operations overseas.

Demography
Historically, Yarova has always been a heterogenous nation with a wide range of diverse and distinct indigenous ethnic groups, certainly not limited to ethnic Yarovars. Although the largest ethnic group nationally and in 27 of the 29 federated districts, Yarovars comprise only 50.7% of the overall population, numbering some 49,321,275 people. The government recognises 16 official minority indigenous populations, namely: the, , , (, ,  , ,  and ), ,  ( and ), , ,  ( and the ), , , , the , , , and. have resided within Yarova's borders since the twelfth century CE, but attempts thus far to gain significant government protections for Ashkenazi culture and the Yiddish language (other than local-level grants) have been mostly unfruitful.

Since the turn of the twentieth century CE, the country has observed a consistent and sizeable influx of East-Keshian immigrants (particularly of Guurkhun origin), which now constitute the second-largest ethnic group in the nation as classified by the national census. According to the 2010 census, an estimated 8,133,283 people claim East-Keshian heritage, well-established across the 29 federated districts. Mainly focused on urbanised locations, other large immigrant-descended communities include West-Keshians/Black Yarovars (4,473,049), (355,882) and Briganticans (118,432.)

The southern regions of Yarova, particularly those surrounding the Dzyunakaz Plateau and the Khanskoye Delta (Kellerovo, Pozdnyakovskaya, Kogalma, Yelerinsk and Roslapeysk), encompass the homelands of the native, Hay, and  peoples. Such peoples were overwhelmed by substantial masses of ethnic Yarovar settlers during the seventeenth and eighteenth-century Vojiskiy-sponsored Plantations of the Dzyunakaz. However, the majority of the region's cultures have survived into the modern day and remain dominant in concentrated locations. The of Khomustatskaya suffered major decline in the years following the Vojiskiy conquest and finally became  by the 1920s.

As of 2017, the in Yarova is 11.90 per 1,000 people, with the  currently at 9.2 per 1,000 people. The average is 81.5 years, with females living to an average of 83.9 years and males 79.1 years. The is 1.80 children born per woman. The homicide rate is 0.92 per 100,000 inhabitants, very low considering the large overall population.

The 2010 federal census introduced an optional question based upon sexual orientation: ‘Which sexual orientation do you identify with?’ a) Wholly Heterosexual b) Mostly Heterosexual c) Bisexual d) Mostly Homosexual e) Wholly Homosexual f) Other (Please specify.) 83.1% said they were wholly heterosexual; 3.3% said they were mostly heterosexual; 6.2% said they were bisexual; 0.9% said they were mostly homosexual; 4.6% said they were wholly homosexual. The census also facilitated and  options for the first time, pursuant of legislation: 1.1% of Yarovar respondents identified as trans people, whereas 0.2% marked genderqueer. Controversially, conservative challengers to LGBT rights protested the added features to the census by scribbling over the questions and even filling in intentionally inaccurate answers. Some members of the DSP attempted to fine such respondents for ‘hate-mongering’ and ‘failure to provide coherent and comprehensive information,’ however, such efforts were defeated by vote in the House of Representatives. The sexuality and gender identity section was, by and large, vigorously defended by LGBT organisations in Yarova.

Art, film and theatre
Yarova's past as an Artemian power and its cultural environment generated a broad contribution to various forms of art, most notably among them painting. Yarova was the birthplace of many internationally celebrated artists such as Vitaliy-Tikhon Yurievich, Yeremey Ardankin, Klavdiy Balabanov, Andrei Smirnitsky and Grigoriy Ryazma. The aforementioned artists were enabled to forge the pieces of their ingenious artistic legacy owing to their aristocratic patrons. Many royal portraits from the late-16th to mid-19th century were painted by these artists. The National Art Museum of Yarova in Chaykoboksarsk is home to much of these artist's works as well as those from abroad. Arguably Yarova’s most famous work of art is Poyavleniye Zhizni (Появление Жизни), a mural by Yurievich located in Chaykoboksarsk Cathedral. Yarovars remain very proud of their artistic heritage and in recent times contemporary forms of art are being embraced. Such is not without controversy however, particularly among older generations who perceive it to be somewhat cheap in nature. In the past number of years, postmodern art has flourished, whereas older forms of art which promote monarchism and, to a lesser extent, Christianity, are no longer popular. Anti-establishment forms, especially and its infamous graffiti, have been addressed by the government with a surprisingly positive attitude. Projects have been initiated where artists are authorised to spray paint their designs on newly-built apartment complexes in numerous Yarovan cities. Urban art workshops also take place in addition to this.

Yarova has, since the early 20th century, been a centre of motion picture production. Notable films topping the Yarovan Film Community's Top 100 list include Teplyy Bereg (Теплый берег) (1945), Pomest'ye v Vinarii (Поместье в Винарии) (1953), Gnezdo Kobyly (Гнездо кобылы) (1956), Vnutri Nas (Внутри нас) (1958), Reformatsiya (Реформация) (1961), Negodyai Millionera (Негодяи Миллионера) (1964), Rotornaya Drobilka (Роторная дробилка) (1968), Upoyeniye (упоение) (1973), Dmitriy (Дмитрий) (1975) and probably the most popular of all, Gipnoz (Гипноз) (1946). Perhaps the most well-known Yarovan thespian is Selena Ishivira, who commenced her career in Borisopol theatres and later played prominent roles in up to 165 film productions.

Kaldicott Studios was a Yarovan based in downtown Chaykoboksarsk that existed from 1923 until 1946 when it went bankrupt. Kaldicott Studios, which was founded by Haveltian immigrant Arnold Kaldicott Sr., was behind the creation of the famous cartoon rabbits Kusya and Kalina Krolik. The rabbits, which starred on a show called Druz'ya Zhivotnykh (Друзья животных), have since become the symbols of Yarovan animation achievements. The cartoon show was first produced without sound, but the expensive and experimental endeavour of sound sychronisation was accomplished in 1929. Following the company's bankruptcy, which came about due to fierce competition abroad, attempts were made by Arnold's son-in-law to regenerate it. However, all was in vain and a private multinational company bought the rights to Druz'ya Zhivotnykh in 1947.

The Vorola district in Chaykoboksarsk's borough of Kasvipat, home to numerous globally renowned theatres, is often considered to represent one of the highest levels of commercial theatre in Artemia. Seeing a Vorola show is a common tourist activity in Chayboksarsk, largely owing to the fact shows are presented in numerous languages other than Yarovan. The most celebrated theatre in this district is the Teatr Mussonov (Театр муссонов), which commonly features on Yarovan postcards and hosts shows by the most distinguished producers and playwrights in the federated districts. The Teatr Mussonov first opened in 1798, after four years of planning and construction work, and was a favourite among Yarovan aristocrats and the royal family. The theatre was designed in the, as was the Teatr Svyatoy Marii (Tеатр Святой Марии) further down the same street at Soyuz-Avenyu (Союз-авеню.)

Cuisine
Yarovan cuisine bears witness to many international influences, but also features many dishes specific to Yarova. The cuisine of Yarova was traditionally based on meat and dairy, supplemented with vegetables and fresh water fish from surrounding lakes and rivers. Archaeological findings on the banks of the River Lazurnyy (Лазурный) strongly suggest that the river has been fished by man since 7,250 BCE. During the colonial period, Yarovan cuisine evolved considerably and was greatly influenced by the eating habits of countries in the Near South. Spices acquired in North Kesh on the old Yarovan trade route (via Qurac), such as, , and , were merged into Yarovan cuisine. Curries and North Keshian stews, such as, were gradually embraced by populations across the Vojiskiy Empire. Breakfast is considered the most important meal of the day by most Yarovars, citing scientific studies and recommendations by medical agencies. A traditional Yarovan breakfast is often composed of grains or cereals, sweetened breads,, or  with ,  or. Pastries are also popular breakfast choices in Yarova. Yarovan pâtisseries, known as Konditerskaya (Кондитерская), experience the highest number of customers early in the morning. Beverages usually served with breakfast include a cold drink, such as fresh orange juice, or a hot drink, such as coffee. Breakfasts, while important, are usually light and ‘fry-ups’ can be frowned upon. Lunches are typically sandwiches, salads, light pasta dishes, or small fish sides.

The modern cuisine of Yarova is undoubtedly heavily influenced by that of western Artemian cuisine, and is distinct from other Slavic nations. Examples of popular Yarovan food include pasta with salmon and asparagus, a beef soup known as Prozrachnyy pel'meni (Прозрачный Пельмени),  (Сливовые кнедлики) and a wide variety of pastries. The most popular meats in the ethnic Yarovar federated districts are, and , with  and  being commonly eaten in Peremorovka and Kryzhelovshchina. Yarova has an old gaming tradition, considering the many vast woodlands that cover the countryside. In autumn and winter it is common for game meats such as, and  to be on the menu in Yarovan restaurants. Dinners are traditionally served after 6 pm, and children as young as fourteen can legally enjoy a small glass of wine measuring one unit of alcohol. Only certain wine varieties and brands are approved by the Yarovan government for consumption by fourteen and fifteen-year-olds.

Desserts are very much an important aspect of Yarovan cuisine and most Yarovars enjoy a small dessert after their daily dinner. Such desserts include (especially those filled with apple or sour cherry),  and. , which features double cream traditionally produced in the region surrounding Kogalma, is arguably Yarova’s most famous dessert dish. The meringue is often served alongside a glass of coffee, typically a. Coffee alongside meals is also perceived as customary by most Yarovars, with some estimates putting coffee consumption per capita at 8.7 kilograms per annum – one of the highest rates in the world. Cafés can be found on nearly every street in every town across the federated districts; café culture has become a central part of Yarovan culture.

Music and dance
Traditional methods of song and dance are still very much popular in Yarova to this day, the being among them. (Народные собрания), the events where these dances are held, are commonplace throughout the country among most ethnic groups. Yarova also takes pride in its celebration of western dances of a more sensual nature, particularly (канкан) and  (Бурлеск.) The aforementioned dances were popularised in the mid-19th century and are arguably embraced more in Yarovan society than that of their homeland. Such styles of dance, which have pushed bawdy comedy and into the mainstream, are most often performed in purpose-built. With internationally acclaimed cabarets such as the Rozovyy Pavil'on (Розовый павильон) and Elektrodom (Электродом), tens of thousands of tourists flock every year to view these shows. also has an important place in the Yarovan musical performing arts.

Yarova also embraces modern styles of music and most Yarovars prefer to see music being used as an art and not misused as a business off which to make a profit. The Vysokaya Zhizn' Festival (Высокая жизнь) was founded in 1966 and has provided the youth of Yarova with annual summer events held at numerous venues across the federated districts free of charge. The events require a ticket printed via the internet and there are now strict quotas for health and safety reasons. Many celebrated artists have performed at Vysokaya Zhizn' concerts, most notably Yarovan rock band Priglasheniye (Приглашение), Lisitsa Burkova, Osip Maslov, Pustynnyye Stranniki (Пустынные странники), Amadi Umewezi and Kartochnyye Soldaty (Карточные солдаты.) The main festival commences on the last week of June and lasts until the third week of July, it has been held at the Vechnyy Stadion (Вечный стадион) in Cheskovsk every year since 1993. Other Vysokaya Zhizn' concerts take place in Minerinsk-Belgorod and Khanskoye-Chirbent. Yarova takes credit for being the founding country of the Global Song Contest, having been the first nation to host the competition in 1966. Yarovan music artists are nominated and awarded each year at the NMPYs (Национальная музыкальная премия Яровый.)

and its surrounding was formed among the black immigrant population of southern Chaykoboksarsk (the southside boroughs) in the 1970s. It became increasingly popular during the time emerged in urban areas throughout the country. Initially, hip hop often focused on the hardships and impoverished conditions black Yarovars and other minorities had to face at the time, as well as the pressure of assimilating into “native culture.” However, since then the genre has diversified and become more complex, with artists from all over the world with a vast array of backgrounds embracing it. As the birthplace of hip hop and rap music, Yarovia has produced a countless number of well-known artists such as Dayo, ½Gal'ka, H.J., O.K.O. and Amadi Umewezi, who is considered by many to be the “father of hip hop.” Onyeka, a woman of African heritage from Cheskovsk, is by far Yarova’s biggest rap talent of this decade with an estimated of 95 million. Onyeka has also brought white rap artist ₲yalina to international attention. To this day, the rap, hip hop and scene continues to flourish in the federated districts. The Irkutsk Energiya (Иркутск Энергия) summer festival in the coastal port city of Khanskoye-Chirbent hosts some of the federated district’s most current and popular artists of the aforementioned genres.

There are numerous internationally renowned in Yarova. The record companies are regulated by the Yarova Music Group (Музыкальная группа Яровый.) Belaya Gora Records (Белая гора) is the country’s largest label which markets music recordings and videos. In the label’s roster include a large number of popular music artists. Belaya Gora has expanded its label with several being established catering to different regions and genres.

Sports
Sport is an important aspect of Yarovan culture and society, playing a significant role in many Yarovar’s everyday lives. In 2015 about 32.1 million people were members of more than 94,000 sports clubs in Yarova. Yarova’s populace possesses a substantial interest in a broad variety of sport, with certain sports activities especially popular in different regions. Almost all sports in the country are overseen by the Yarova Olympic Federation (Олимпийская федерация Яроваи) (OFY), which is in turn monitored by the Yarovan government. The government have emphasised the necessity for inclusiveness and equality in sport, and sponsored initiatives have been set up to nurture the growth of sports clubs for women, the disabled, and the.

, which is generally referred to as “football” by Yarovars, is arguably the most popular sport in Yarova and has been for many years. The Yarova Football Federation (Футбольная федерация Яроваи) (FFY) is the governing body of association football in Yarova. It was formed in 1930 and is based in Yumarapol. The FFY’s database states there are currently over 52,300 football clubs dotted across the country as of 2017. Seven of those soccer clubs hold, or have held, their place on the international league table, namely FC Chaykoboksarsk City, FC Belgorod, FC Cheskovsk, FC Minerinsk, Inter-Yumarapol, FC Kogalma and FC Borisopol, known colloquially as the Prisraki. There is also a national football team that partakes in international championships, having won the World Cup in 1970 and 1975 and coming second place in 1980. The 1970s are often regarded as the “golden age of Yarovan football,” since then Yarova has had only modest success in comparison to neighbouring states.

Yarova is also represented by a national team, which competes in global competitions and has proven to be rather successful. Albeit rugby is not overly played in the eastern federated districts and is often referred to as a “Peremorovkar's sport” by the media, given many of the team’s players hail from the north-west.

Yarova is perhaps best known in the world of sport for tennis and its historic Yarovan Open which was founded in 1889 and has taken place every mid-July since, over a period of a fortnight. The Open is held in Shchyokhov’s Respublikanskiy Stadion (Республиканский стадион) on a grass surface and typically has high attendance, from both domestic citizens and tourists from overseas. The Yarovan Open is owned and organised by the Yarova Tennis Association (Теннисная ассоциация Яроваи) (TAY), a non-profit organisation. The tournament is, therefore, notable for its absence of sponsor advertising surrounding the courts. It is customary for the Yarovan president to attend all of the finals. Vikentiy Obukhov and Evelina Shulichenko are two of Yarova’s most celebrated tennis players, having won many world titles between them.

, particularly and  are characteristic to the mountainous regions of the Karbykans. The annual event Nedelya v Kygadan (Неделя в Кигадане) attracts tens of thousands of people to the small winter resort town for seven days of winter sports activities in November. Hundreds of northerners also participate in the event, as Kygadan is situated a mere five kilometres from the northern border and is much closer to the capital city of the northern country than Shchyokhov.

Other minor sports activities, such as, and  are observed across the federated districts and territories but to a smaller degree. Basketball is largely reserved to the black immigrant populations of Chaykoboksarsk, Shchyokhov, and Minerinsk-Belgorod. Cross-country automobile rallies, which are very popular in rural northern Yarova, are held throughout the year in different seasonal circuits. Many regional competitions take place and are enjoyed by local communities.