KTEC

The Kesh-Tethys Economic Cooperation (KTEC) is an inter-governmental forum for XX member economies in the Kesh-Tethys region that promotes throughout the Kesh-Tethys region. Following the Yindong Crises and success of the 1986 Hochberg Trade Summits and series of post-ministerial conferences launched in the mid-1980s and early 90s, KTEC started in 199X, in response to the growing interdependence of Kesh economies and the advent of regional trade blocs in other parts of the world; it aimed to establish new markets for agricultural products and raw materials beyond Europe. Headquartered in Country, KTEC is recognized as one of the highest-level multilateral blocs and oldest forums in the Kesh-Tethys region, and exerts a significant global influence.

History
The idea of co-operation among Kesh Countries was discussed in a number of conferences and trade summits: the Kesh-Tethys Relations Conference held in Qingcheng in 1960; the Dakai Nong Conference in the Beifang in 1979; and the Hochberg Trade Summit held in Alvakalia in 1986. Topics discussed between Alvak, Bakanese, and Kodeshi diplomats included the importing and exporting of Alvak oil for Bakanese and Kodeshi goods, which was a major topic in all six trade summits. Initially, the talks went cold, as there was still the issue of unresolved tension between the two parties. However, once both sides agreed that disputes would not play a role in the disruption of the talks, they began to warm up. The 1st Hochberg Trade Summit ended up having a large impact in Alvakalia, as the recession disappeared only months after the 6th and last summit.

The 2nd and 3rd summits in 1987 ended up having made more progress, continually breaking the thaw between the three parties. The 4th and 5th summits in 1988 took advantage of the thaw and built on top of it to completely shatter it with talks of free trade and joint projects between the three. The 6th and last summit in 1990 would hammer home the last nail in the coffin of the anti-Sinitic mindset what few people still had. In the early 1990s, when the foreign ministers of five countries: Akiteiwa, Alvakalia, Beifang, Kodeshia, and Tonkina agreed upon the creation of a trade bloc and to provide a platform for the people of Kesh to work together in a spirit of friendship, trust, and understanding. The aims and purposes of KTEC are to accelerate economic growth, social progress, and cultural development in the region, to promote regional peace, collaboration and mutual assistance on matters of common interest, to provide assistance to each other in the form of training and research facilities, to collaborate for better utilisation of agriculture and industry to raise the living standards of the people, to promote Kesh-Tethys cultural studies and to maintain close, beneficial co-operation with existing international organisations with similar aims and purposes.

The creation of KTEC was motivated both by the common fear of conflict following the Great Kesh War and the economic shock of the Yindong Crises of 1980s that hit Alvakalia, Beifang, and Kodeshia the most severely. The region's dynamic economic growth during the 1990s strengthened the organisation, enabling KTEC to adopt a unified response to Selengeria's aggression with the ongoing border dispute between Kodeshia and Selengeria. KTEC's first summit meeting, held in City, Country in 1987, resulted in an agreement on several industrial projects and the signing of a Treaty of Cooperation. KTEC achieved greater cohesion in the mid-2010s following a change in the balance of power after the Alvakalia's withdraw from North-South Concordant. KTEC has emerged as a leading voice on regional trade and security issues.

Members
The member states are Akiteiwa, Alvakalia, Beifang, Kodeshia, and Tonkina.

Observers
States with observer status include Qingcheng.

Potential future members
Qingcheng has expressed interest in upgrading its status from an observer to a full member of the KTEC. Selengeria has applied for observer status membership of KTEC. Modrovia has participated in meetings.

Current issues
KTEC faces many challenges, including health issues such as combating tropical diseases; political issues such as confronting undemocratic regimes and mediating in the many civil wars and lingering border disputes and conflicts; economic issues such as improving the standard of living of millions of impoverished, uneducated Kesh population; ecological issues such as dealing with recurring famines, floods, earthquakes, and lack of ecological sustainability; as well as issues of corruption and fraud.

Economic integration
Despite an KTEC goals of significant economic integration as laid out since its founding, KTEC continues to face challenges towards integration. A report in 2018 identified multiple sectors that face challenges towards integration with many unresolved issues relating to aviation, agriculture, and human resources. In addition non-tariff barriers that still exist in the region.

Territorial disputes
Several territorial disputes has affected the unity of KTEC such as the Alvak–Kodeshi border dispute between Alvakalia and Kodeshia, Alvak–Bakanese border dispute between Alvakalia and Beifang. While lingering issues from the Great Kesh War and border disputes between Kodeshia and Selengeria continue to be an area of real concern for members and development in the region.

Criticism
KTEC has been criticised for promoting free trade agreements that would impose restrictions on national and local laws, which regulate and ensure labour rights, environmental protection and safe and affordable access to medicine. According to the organisation, it is "the premier forum for facilitating economic growth, cooperation, trade and investment in the Kesh-Tethys region" established to "further enhance economic growth and prosperity for the region and to strengthen the Kesh-Tethys community". The effectiveness and fairness of its role has been questioned, especially from the viewpoints of Artemian countries that cannot take part in KTEC and Tethys Island nations that cannot participate but stand to be affected by its decisions.